Quiz 2. Nervous System and Psychology Flashcards
They carry input from the senses to the brain and they sum up and transmit info.
Neurons
How many neurons do we have?
An estimate of 100 billion neurons
Which are the 3 types of neurons?
Sensory neurons, Motor neurons, Interneurons
They go from the brain out to your motor control.
Motor neurons
They take information from the environment, from the external world.
Sensory neurons
Connect different neurons without making contact with external world, through sensation, or through motor action
Interneurons
Parts of the neuron:
Dendrites, Soma, Axon, Axon terminals
The main body of a neuron or other cell
Soma
Neuron fibers that receive incoming messages
Dendrites
Fiber that carries information away from the cell body of a neuron
Axon
Structures at the end of the axon that form synapses with the dendrites and somas of other neurons
Axon terminals
The communication between neurons is completely…
chemical
The space between two neurons over which the message passes it is called:
synapse
Measurement of a synapse:
20 to 40 nm (nanometers)
Are the chemical that alter the activity in other neurons
Neurotransmitters
Regulates excitability, learning process, memory
Glutamate
Regulates sleep cycle, muscle functioning
Acetylcholine
Wakefulness, blood pressure, pain, sexual behavior, inflammatory reactions
Histamine
Inhibits movements, stimulates secretion of growth hormone
Dopamine
Alertness, wakefulness, stimulates processes of the body
Noradrenaline
Fight or flight response
Adrenaline
Reduces neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system
GABA
Regulates body temperature, perception of pain, emotions, sleep cycle
Serotonine
Is the capacity of our brains to change in response to every experience that we have
Neuroplasticity
Left Hemisphere includes:
Written language, spoken language, number skills, reasoning skills, logic skills
Right Hemisphere includes:
Insight, imagination, art awareness, music awareness, 3D forms
Mention the lobes of the cerebral cortex:
Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, Temporal Lobe, “Cerebellum”
Sense of self, motor control, higher mental abilities, reasoning, planning, language
Frontal lobe
Sensation, touch, temperature, pressure
Parietal lobe
Vision
Occipital Lobe
Hearing, speaking coherently, understanding verbal and written material
Temporal lobe
Posture, coordination, muscle tone, memory skills and habits
Cerebellum
Reflex control of vital life functions (Heart rate, breathing, swallowing, pons)
Medulla
They conform the Limbic System…
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Amygdala, Hippocampus
Receiving sensory information
Thalamus
Motivational and emotional behaviors
Hypothalamus
Phobias, afraid and disabling anxiety, emotional behaviors
Amygdala
Memories into permanent storage
Hippocampus
It is made up of glands that secrete chemicals directly into the bloodstream or lymph system
The Endocrine System
Characteristics of the adolescent brain:
Search of new things, social involvement, increased emotional intensity, creative exploration
Components that intervene in the function of the brain in adolescence:
Brain changes, role of hormones, influence of environment and peers (mirror neuron)
What is more activated during the brain in adolescence?
The limbic system (emotional brain) and the amygdala
From where to where does the brain in adolescence matures?
From back to front. Frontal lobes are less mature at this stage (judgement)
What is more stronger in the brain during the adolescence?
Learning and memory
