Quiz 2 - Muscles and Integument, Cardiovascule, Respiratory and Digestive Systems Flashcards
List the location and actions of muscles of the head and neck
List the locations and actions of muscles of the abdomen, thoracic limb, and pelvic limb
List the locations and actions of muscles of respiration
Descibe the microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle cells
What are the type of tissues in the body?
Epithelial tissue
Nervous Tissue
Connective Tissue
Muscle
Name the three types of muscle and give an example of each
Cardiac: heart
Skeletal: limbs, diaphram
Smooth: Intestines, bladder, uterus
What are muscles?
Muscles are the main contractile tissues of the body involved in movement
What do muscles cause, produce, and maintain?
They cause motion and produce force that the body uses to move and manipulate the body, they maintain posture and produce heat
Are muscle movements conscious or subconscious?
They are both!
What does each muscle have?
Each muscle has its own blood supply, arteries and veins, and nerve connections
What do muscles attach to and where are they found?
They are found throughout the body and are attached to bones, other muscles and skin
How much weight does muscle account for on an animal?
up to half
Explain muscle composition.
Each muscle is composed of many cells held together by connective tissue. Each muscle fiber receives its own nerve impulses, triggering various motions. That signal or impulse then travels down the nerve to the muscle, then the muscles fibwe changes chemical energy into mechanical energy
What is a rich capillary and what is it responsible for?
It is the smallest of all blood vessels and its responsible for the distribution that helps to deliver oxygen to muscles
What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscle control
Voluntary muscles can be controlled by thought wheras involuntary muscles are those that are automatically controlled by the nervous system and cannot be moved at will
What makes the muscle you chose suitable for injections?
What function do extensor muscles have?
What function do the flexor muscles have?
What function do the adductor muslces have?
What function do the abductor muscles have?
List the sequence of events of a muscle contraction.
What is the primary function of the integumentary system? What part(s) of the body are considered integument?
What are the three layers of skin?
Epidermis
dermis
hypodermis
Compare and contrast Sarcoptic and Demodectic Mange
Describe the steps to safely cutting dog or cat nails
Identify the types of muscles that are voluntary. Identify the types of muscles that are involuntary.
Skeletal muscles are voluntary whereas smooth and cardiac muscles are involuntary
What is the nervous system?
A control system that acts largely unconsiously and regulates bodily function such as the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, sexual arousal
Explain the skeletal muscle
Where are skeletal muslces located?
Head and neck
Muscles of respiration
abdominal
thoracic limb
pelvic limb
cutaneous
Explain the cardiac muscles
Explain what smooth muscle is
What are the two types of smooth muscle an examples of where to find them?
Viseral smooth (in sheets of cells found in the walls of hollow organs)
bladder, intestine, uterus
Multi-unit smooth (small discrete groups of cells that work on their own)
muscles in the eye, respiratory tract, small blood vessels
What are the two types of connective tissue?
Fat and fascia
What are the muscle attachment sites? Which is more stable?
Origin and insertion
Origin is more stable because it doesnt move much when the muscle contacts
Tendons attach _________ to __________
Ligaments attach ___________ to ____________
Tendons attach muscle to bone
ligaments attach bone to bone
List the four Muscle actions.
Agonist - the prime mover
Antagonist - directly opposes the action of an agonist
synergist - contracts at same time as the agonist to assist its actions
Fixator - stabalizes the joints to allow other movements
Identify the primary functions of the integumentary system
protection of teh body
houses sensory receptors
regulates body temperature
produced vitamin d
secretes and excretes substances through the glands of the skin
Identify the layers of the integument
Epidermis
dermis
hypodermis
What are the four cells of the epidermis?
Karatinocyte
gives skin reciliency and strength
Melanocyte
produces melanin pigment
langerhans cell
merkel cell
identify and describe the special feautures of the integument
Pigmentation
the result of the presence or absence of melanin granules in extensions of melanocytes. Controlled by hypophysis
Paw pads
tough, thick layers of fat and connective tissue. contains all 5 epidemal layer. They are pigmented with multiple foot pads (carpal, metacarput and metatarsal pads and digit pads)
Planum Nasale
top of the nose in cats, sheep, pigs and dogs. It is usually pigmented with three epidermal layers
Ergots and chestnuts
dark, horny stuctures on legs of equine family that are thought to be vestiges of digits. chestnuts are located on the inside of each leg at carpus and tarsus while ergots are buried in caudal hairs of fetlock
Cutaneous pouches in sheep
infolding of skin that contain fine hair and sebacecous and oil glands. located in three locations (the infraorbital, interdigital, and inguinal)
Identify the related structures of the integument
What is the stratum corneum?
The outermost portion of the epidermis. It accounts for 75% of total skin thickness. It is relatively waterproof and prevents most bacteria, viruses and otehr foreign substances from entering the body
Dermis gives the skin its _____ and ________
flexibility and strength
Where are the sweat glands located and what else is located there?
the dermis. it also contains nerve endings, oil glands, hair follicles, and blood vessels
What are the two layers of the dermis?
Papillary
thin layer below teh epidermis loops bloods vessels and nerve endings
Reticular layer
80% of the dermis
What is the function of the hypodermis?
It allows skin to move freely over underlying structures
contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves and fat tissue
where pain receptors are
