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Clinical Chemistry > Quiz 2 Hormone Releasing Glands > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Hormone Releasing Glands Flashcards

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1
Q

Hypothalamus Hormones

A

Produces hormones (releasing factors) that stimulate the pituitary gland to produce other hormones

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2
Q

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

A

ACTH, LH, FSH, TSH, GH, Prolactin

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3
Q

ACTH

A

Stimulates cortisol production in adrenals (with negative feedback loop, to both pituitary and hypothalamus)
*diurnal variation, peaks in the morning and lowest in afternoon/evening

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4
Q

GH

A

Somatotropin, directs energy towards growth

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5
Q

Prolactin: stimulation of, inhibition

A

Stimulates breast growth and milk creation, turns off LH and FSH
Stimulated by TRH and inhibited by Dopamine
Hyperprolactinemia: shuts down gonads

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6
Q

Posterior Pituitary

A

ADH (vasopressin), Oxytocin

Made in Hypothalamus, stored in pituitary

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7
Q

ADH

A

Anti-diuretic, tries to hold on to water, stimulated by osmolality of your serum

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8
Q

SIADH

A

Syndrome of ADH, inappropriately high levels of ADH

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9
Q

Decreased ADH

A

Diabetes Insipidus

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10
Q

Oxytocin

A

Stimulates uterine contractions and letdown of milk

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11
Q

Glucose Suppression Test

A

Glucose in normal patients will suppress the release of growth hormone. Patients with tumors producing growth hormone will continue to release growth hormone after glucose infusion.

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12
Q

Adrenal Hormone Production

A

Central portion is where epinephrine and norepinephrine are made

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13
Q

Aldosterone

A

Mineralocorticoid, Controlled by Renin-Angiotensin system (promotes salt and water retention by kidneys, as well as control blood pressure)

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14
Q

Hyperaldosteronism

A

Conn’s Syndrome (Primary): retain water and sodium

Secondary: Renin problem

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15
Q

Hypoaldostreronism

A

Addison’s Syndrome: atrophy of adrenal gland

low sodium and increased K

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16
Q

Cortisol

A

Increases blood glucose, gluconeogenesis (from fatty acids), lipolysis, shuts down protein synthesis and switches to protein breakdown, turns off inflamm. response
Controlled by ACTH, negative feedback loop
Has diurnal variation like ACTH

17
Q

Hypercortisolism

A

Cushing’s (Primary): increased cortisol levels, lose diurnal variation, hyperglycemia, low ACTH, weight gain
Secondary: excessive ACTH production

18
Q

(Nor)Epinephrine Metabolism

A

Epinephrine -> Metanephrine -> VMA (Vanillylmandelic acid)
Norepinephrine -> normetanephrine -> VMA
Metabolites excreted in urine

19
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

Benign tumor that secretes (Nor)epinephrine

20
Q

Neuroblastoma

A

Malignant tumor producing (nor)epinephrine and dopamine in children
Dopamine becomes HVA (homovanillic acid) found in urine

21
Q

FSH

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone, increases estrogen levels and stimulates follicle growth
Feedback to Hypothalamus and Pituitary via negative feedback

22
Q

LH

A

Produces progesterone and causes ovaries to ovulate

Feedback to Hypothalamus and Pituitary via negative feedback

23
Q

Thyroid Hormones

A

T4 and T3, stored within follicles, cells around these follicles make calcitonin
Control metabolism

24
Q

Thyroid Axis

A

Hypothalamus produces TRH to Pituitary which produces TSH

Thyroid hormones feedback negatively to Hypothalamus and Pituitary

25
Q

Hashimotos’ Disease

A

Ab to thyroid hormone: Thyroperoxidase (TPO), Anti-microsomal Ab (TMA), and Thyroglobulin Ab (TGAB)

26
Q

Grave’s Disease

A

Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI), attaches to same receptor as TSH and causes unregulated production of thyroid hormone

27
Q

Hypothyroidism (3 Causes)

A
  1. Primary: tissue destruction, removal (TSH up)
  2. Secondary: pituitary damage
  3. Tertiary: hypothylamic damage
28
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

T4 and T3 are increased, TSH is decreased
Grave’s disease is most common cause of Hyperthyroidism
Secondary: Pituitary overproduction
Tertiary: Hypothalamic overproduction

29
Q

Screening for Thyroid Disorders

A

TSH levels primary way

T3 and T4 levels (free levels)

30
Q

Estrogen

A

Secreted by ovarian follicles and Placenta during pregnancy
Estradiol is the principal estrogen made
Purpose is to develop and maintain female reproductive system

31
Q

Progesterone

A

Secreted by ovarian follicles (mainly the corpus luteum following ovulation) and Placenta during pregnancy

32
Q

PTH

A

Preprohormone with a half-life of less than 5 min.

Regulates calcium and phosphate in the bones/kidney directly and in the intestines through Vit D

33
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

Primary: Tumor or hyperplasia in parathyroid cause high serum Ca
Secondary: Vit D deficiency or chronic renal failure

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