Quiz 2 (Glossary 1) Flashcards
Hyphae that grows above or outward from the surface of an agar medium or substrate; the visible colony
Aerial Hyphae
A gelatinous subtace that is used as a culture medium to grow microorganisms
Agar
A polysaccharide form seaweed extract (genera gelidium and gracilaria) that consist of alternating B-D-Galactose and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose units of agarobiose. It is used popularly as a medium for electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments. In general, the higher it’s concentration the smaller the pore size. Concentration ranges from 0.5%-2%
Agarose
Asexual (Imperfect) state or form of a fungus
Anamorph
This step in PCR when the temperature is lowered to allow DNA primers to attach to a given DNA template. The temperature ranges from 50-56 Celsius.
Annealing
a fungus that preferentially grows on human rather than animals or the soil.
A dermatophyte where human/people is the primary reservoir
Anthropophilic
(pl. arthroconidia) a conidium released by fragmentation or by separation that occurs at the septum of cells of hypha.
Arthroconidium
fruiting body within which asci form
ascocarp
(pl. asci) saclike cells where ascospores develop
ascus
antimicrobial that can kill a microorganism
bactericidal
a virus that infects bacterial cells
bacteriophage
an arrangement observed in Aspergillus spp. where a secondary phialide develops from a primary phialide, forming two series of phialides.
biseriate
conidia formed by budding process along a hypha, pseudhypha, or in a single cell, as seen in yeasts.
blastoconidia
a nutrient-rich medium used to isolate fastidious fungi
brain heart infusion
is a concentration of an antimicrobial that defines if the particular microbial species is susceptible or resistant to the antimicrobial. It is commonly expressed in rg/m
breakpoint
a liquid medium containing nutrients used to grow microorganisms
broth
a type of asexual reproduction commonly found in yeasts. An oval shaped “push out” or outgrowth from a parent cell.
bud
colorless dye that binds to chitin and cellulose of fungi that fluoresce when exposed to ultraviolet light.
calcofluor white
proteinaceous coat that protects the viral genome
capsid
a hyaline mucopolysaccharide covering the cell body of certain yeasts (e.g.Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula) and some spores and conidia.
capsule
also known as chlamydospores, these are enlarged, thick-walled round conidia.
These conidia can be present at the end of the hypha (terminal), on the sides (sessile) or in between the hypha (intercalary)
chlamydoconidia
swollen, thick-walled resistant spore that do not reproduce
chlamydospore
club-shaped
clavate
Hyphal structures without septa
coenocytic
a remnant of a cell wall present at the tip of a phialide, or around a sporangiophore
collarette
- growth of an organism in a host without causing infection or tissue invasion
colonization
- the distinct characteristics of a microbial colony that are visibly observed on the surface of a nutrient medium
colony morphology
- a sterile dome-like structure at the tip of a sporangiophore or within a sporangium.
columella (pl. columellae)
- a serologic procedure used to determine complement fixing antibody to fungal antigens.
complement fixation
pertains to a type of growth on the agar surface wherein it is continuous, uniform, and the colonies are not discrete or separated; there should be no individual colonies growing on the surface.
confluent
- the cell that gives rise to a conidium.
conidiogenous cell
- a reproductive propagule produced in the absence of nuclear recombination, thus representing anamorphic or asexual reproduction.
conidium (pl. conidia)
- a specialized hypha that gives rise to or bears a conidium.
conidiophore
- a method of propagating microorganisms by supporting their growth using culture media and controlled environmental conditions
cultivation
- distinct visible visual changes in the infected cells caused by a viral toxin or infection
cytopathic effect
- an infection of cutaneous tissue (hair, skin and nails) caused by the keratinophilic fungi other than those of the dermatophytes
dermatomycosis
- a fungi that invades the keratinized part of hair, nail, and skin.
dermatophyte
- a fungus having brown or black melanotic pigment in the cell wall.
dematiaceous
- this initial stage in PCR allows separation of the double-stranded DNA into two single strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds that exists between the nucleotide base pairs (bp). Temperature ranges from 94-95°C.
denaturation
- fungi having two morphologic forms under different growth conditions
dimorphic
- elimination or reduction of microorganisms that may cause disease
disinfection
- also known as molecular-weight size markers, this is a set of predetermined DNA fragment sizes from where unknown bands are compared to identify the approximate size and concentration of a DNA fragment after running gel electrophoresis.
DNA Ladder
- they represent the essential building blocks of nucleic acid molecules that are necessary components of PCR mixes during amplification. Four known types of dNTP are recognized, each with a unique DNA base: adenine (dATP), cytosine (dCTP), guanine (AGTP), and thymine (dTTP).
dNTPs
- a disease which occurs in a limited geographic area.
endemic
- chemically 3,8-Diamino-5-ethyl-6-pheny|phenanthridinium, is a non-radioactive but carcinogenic DNA stain. Distinct red-orange fluorescence under UV light suggests the presence of ds-DNA.
ethidium bromide (EtBr)
- agent causing the infection or disease
etiologic agent
- this is a step in PCR when the temperature is increased and the new DNA strand is formed through the action of Taq polymerase. Temperature is usually set at 72°C.
extension
- a property wherein a particle is able to pass through a membrane filter that will prevent the transmission of bacteria
filterable
hypha without crosswalls
aseptate
