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Myco-Viro > Quiz 2 (Glossary 1) > Flashcards

Quiz 2 (Glossary 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Hyphae that grows above or outward from the surface of an agar medium or substrate; the visible colony

A

Aerial Hyphae

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2
Q

A gelatinous subtace that is used as a culture medium to grow microorganisms

A

Agar

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3
Q

A polysaccharide form seaweed extract (genera gelidium and gracilaria) that consist of alternating B-D-Galactose and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose units of agarobiose. It is used popularly as a medium for electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments. In general, the higher it’s concentration the smaller the pore size. Concentration ranges from 0.5%-2%

A

Agarose

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4
Q

Asexual (Imperfect) state or form of a fungus

A

Anamorph

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5
Q

This step in PCR when the temperature is lowered to allow DNA primers to attach to a given DNA template. The temperature ranges from 50-56 Celsius.

A

Annealing

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6
Q

a fungus that preferentially grows on human rather than animals or the soil.
A dermatophyte where human/people is the primary reservoir

A

Anthropophilic

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7
Q

(pl. arthroconidia) a conidium released by fragmentation or by separation that occurs at the septum of cells of hypha.

A

Arthroconidium

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8
Q

fruiting body within which asci form

A

ascocarp

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9
Q

(pl. asci) saclike cells where ascospores develop

A

ascus

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10
Q

antimicrobial that can kill a microorganism

A

bactericidal

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11
Q

a virus that infects bacterial cells

A

bacteriophage

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12
Q

an arrangement observed in Aspergillus spp. where a secondary phialide develops from a primary phialide, forming two series of phialides.

A

biseriate

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13
Q

conidia formed by budding process along a hypha, pseudhypha, or in a single cell, as seen in yeasts.

A

blastoconidia

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14
Q

a nutrient-rich medium used to isolate fastidious fungi

A

brain heart infusion

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15
Q

is a concentration of an antimicrobial that defines if the particular microbial species is susceptible or resistant to the antimicrobial. It is commonly expressed in rg/m

A

breakpoint

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16
Q

a liquid medium containing nutrients used to grow microorganisms

A

broth

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17
Q

a type of asexual reproduction commonly found in yeasts. An oval shaped “push out” or outgrowth from a parent cell.

A

bud

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18
Q

colorless dye that binds to chitin and cellulose of fungi that fluoresce when exposed to ultraviolet light.

A

calcofluor white

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19
Q

proteinaceous coat that protects the viral genome

A

capsid

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20
Q

a hyaline mucopolysaccharide covering the cell body of certain yeasts (e.g.Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula) and some spores and conidia.

A

capsule

21
Q

also known as chlamydospores, these are enlarged, thick-walled round conidia.
These conidia can be present at the end of the hypha (terminal), on the sides (sessile) or in between the hypha (intercalary)

A

chlamydoconidia

22
Q

swollen, thick-walled resistant spore that do not reproduce

A

chlamydospore

23
Q

club-shaped

A

clavate

24
Q

Hyphal structures without septa

A

coenocytic

25
Q

a remnant of a cell wall present at the tip of a phialide, or around a sporangiophore

A

collarette

26
Q
  • growth of an organism in a host without causing infection or tissue invasion
A

colonization

27
Q
  • the distinct characteristics of a microbial colony that are visibly observed on the surface of a nutrient medium
A

colony morphology

28
Q
  • a sterile dome-like structure at the tip of a sporangiophore or within a sporangium.
A

columella (pl. columellae)

29
Q
  • a serologic procedure used to determine complement fixing antibody to fungal antigens.
A

complement fixation

30
Q

pertains to a type of growth on the agar surface wherein it is continuous, uniform, and the colonies are not discrete or separated; there should be no individual colonies growing on the surface.

A

confluent

31
Q
  • the cell that gives rise to a conidium.
A

conidiogenous cell

32
Q
  • a reproductive propagule produced in the absence of nuclear recombination, thus representing anamorphic or asexual reproduction.
A

conidium (pl. conidia)

33
Q
  • a specialized hypha that gives rise to or bears a conidium.
A

conidiophore

34
Q
  • a method of propagating microorganisms by supporting their growth using culture media and controlled environmental conditions
A

cultivation

35
Q
  • distinct visible visual changes in the infected cells caused by a viral toxin or infection
A

cytopathic effect

36
Q
  • an infection of cutaneous tissue (hair, skin and nails) caused by the keratinophilic fungi other than those of the dermatophytes
A

dermatomycosis

37
Q
  • a fungi that invades the keratinized part of hair, nail, and skin.
A

dermatophyte

38
Q
  • a fungus having brown or black melanotic pigment in the cell wall.
A

dematiaceous

39
Q
  • this initial stage in PCR allows separation of the double-stranded DNA into two single strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds that exists between the nucleotide base pairs (bp). Temperature ranges from 94-95°C.
A

denaturation

40
Q
  • fungi having two morphologic forms under different growth conditions
A

dimorphic

41
Q
  • elimination or reduction of microorganisms that may cause disease
A

disinfection

42
Q
  • also known as molecular-weight size markers, this is a set of predetermined DNA fragment sizes from where unknown bands are compared to identify the approximate size and concentration of a DNA fragment after running gel electrophoresis.
A

DNA Ladder

43
Q
  • they represent the essential building blocks of nucleic acid molecules that are necessary components of PCR mixes during amplification. Four known types of dNTP are recognized, each with a unique DNA base: adenine (dATP), cytosine (dCTP), guanine (AGTP), and thymine (dTTP).
A

dNTPs

44
Q
  • a disease which occurs in a limited geographic area.
A

endemic

45
Q
  • chemically 3,8-Diamino-5-ethyl-6-pheny|phenanthridinium, is a non-radioactive but carcinogenic DNA stain. Distinct red-orange fluorescence under UV light suggests the presence of ds-DNA.
A

ethidium bromide (EtBr)

46
Q
  • agent causing the infection or disease
A

etiologic agent

47
Q
  • this is a step in PCR when the temperature is increased and the new DNA strand is formed through the action of Taq polymerase. Temperature is usually set at 72°C.
A

extension

48
Q
  • a property wherein a particle is able to pass through a membrane filter that will prevent the transmission of bacteria
A

filterable

49
Q

hypha without crosswalls

A

aseptate

Myco-Viro (7 decks)

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