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CLAS 202 > Quiz 2 Duplicate > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Duplicate Flashcards

1
Q

Latifundia

A

huge farm plantations

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2
Q

____ bought farms from ____ ____

A

rich, poor soldiers

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3
Q

What did the Licinian-Sextian Law of 367 BCE limit

A

Any one Roman from owning more than 320 acres of land

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4
Q

What did the Patrician governors set out to govern

A

The new provinces

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5
Q

How many years did Patrician Governors serve

A

1

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6
Q

T/F the patrician governors were corrupt

A

True

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7
Q

What were the 3 fortunes Patrician Governors tries to amass while in office

A

Bribe the jury, hire the best lawyers, retired on after the trial

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8
Q

What was seen as “dirty work” to the Patrician Governors

A

collecting taxes for Rome from their province

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9
Q

What is a Publicani

A

A tax collector

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10
Q

What were the two violently competing factions in Rome’s politics

A

Populars and Optimates

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11
Q

What were the Populars and who did they seek support from

A

Those of the people, look for support from popular assembly, Plebeians, and the mob

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12
Q

What were the Optimates and who did they look to support from

A

Those of the best men, support from Patricians and Senate

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13
Q

What political position did Tiberius Gracchus hold

A

Plebeian Tribune

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14
Q

What did Tiberius Gracchus want to buy from who and make into what

A

Larger Latifundias from the Patricians and Senators and to make them into smaller ager publicus farms

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15
Q

Who did Tiberius Gracchus sell/rent farms to

A

Former farmer-soldiers

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16
Q

What law did Tiberius Gracchus propose to revise

A

Licinian-Sextian law

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17
Q

Who opposed revisions to Licinian-Sextian law

A

Patricians and Senators

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18
Q

What did Tiberius Gracchus do that was illegal

A

Ran for second consecutive term to save his life and legislation

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19
Q

Who killed Tiberius Gracchus

A

Senate and Pontifex Maximus get “The Mob” to murder him

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20
Q

What happens after Tiberius Gracchus dies

A

Checks and Balances in the law start to fail and violence becomes the way to solve political challenges

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21
Q

Who is Gaius Gracchus related to

A

younger brother Tiberius

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22
Q

What did Gaius Gracchus re-enact

A

Brother’s land reform legislation among other reforms

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23
Q

What did the Senate fear Gaius Gracchus was trying to do

A

create the powerbase of a Tyrant

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24
Q

Who is Gaius Marius (3) and what government positions did he have (2)

A

Equestrian (Populares), military man, Tribune and then Consul

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25
Q

Gaius Marius is from a _____-_____ family AKA “_____ ____”

A

non-Consular family AKA Novus Homo

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26
Q

What were the Marian reforms (4)

A

Remodels army, full-time pro army, additional pay from looting, reorganizes the Roman legions to be more flexible

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27
Q

What did Gaius Marius do to Rome’s Italian allies

A

Allies wanted more rights so he put down their threat to Rome

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28
Q

How many times did Gaius Marius make Consul in 20 years, was this constitutional?

A

7 times, no

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29
Q

Who became Rome’s first great “warlord”

A

Gaius Marius

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30
Q

What did Lucius Cornelilus Sulla call himself, what did this mean?

A

Felix, lucky/fortunate one

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31
Q

Who was Lucius Cornelius Sulla (3)

A

Patrician, colleges of Marius, soldier

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32
Q

What was King Mithridates of Pontus the ruler of

A

Rich kingdom on the Black sea

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33
Q

King Mithridates of Pontus was an ______ and ______ king

A

Aggressive and expansionist

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34
Q

How many Italians did King Mithridates kill in 1 day

A

80,000

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35
Q

What is the Rostra in the Roman Forum

A

raised platform where citizens and politicians could make public speeches and where citizens came to hear news

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36
Q

What did Marius’ men post on the Rostra in the Roman Forum

A

Lists of his enemies

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37
Q

What were Sulla’s friends declared as and what happened to them (3)

A

Outlaws, property confiscated, could be killed on sight for reward

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38
Q

What was set on the Rostra as a warning to others

A

Sulla’s friends’ heads

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39
Q

Triumvirate

A

Rule of 3 men, political alliance of the 3 most powerful men in Rome to bring stability

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40
Q

Who was the wealthiest man in Rome and how did he make his fortune

A

Crassus, real estate

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41
Q

Who is Known as the fireman of Rome

A

Crassus

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42
Q

Who was given the title “magnus” and what did this mean

A

Pompey, great

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43
Q

What was Pompey called earlier in life

A

Adulescens carnifex (butcher boy)

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44
Q

Was Julius Caesar popular or unpopular with the people

A

Popular

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45
Q

What did Caesar want to run for

A

Consul

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46
Q

What started the civil war between Caesar and the Senate/Pompey

A

They refused him becoming a consul so he crosses the Rubicon River with his army

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47
Q

What does Alea Iacta est mean

A

The die is cast

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48
Q

Who defeated who in the battle of Pharsalus

A

Caesar defeats Pompey’s armies

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49
Q

What did King Ptolemy present to Caesar and what was Caesar’s reaction

A

Pompey’s head, Caesar was horrified because Pompey was a Roman and friend and his victory was robbed

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50
Q

Who are the two leaders in the Egyptian civil war

A

King Ptolemy and Cleopatra

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51
Q

Caesar was viewed as… (3)

A

Arrogant, heavy-handed, power hungry

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52
Q

What were the Honestioers, what is drawn from this

A

more honourable upper class, Senators

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53
Q

What were the humiliores

A

the lower class

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54
Q

Your gentes (clan) can provide your ____ for ____ ____

A

Pedigree, political office

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55
Q

What are the Senatorials, how many

A

governing body of Republican Rome, 300

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56
Q

What were the nobiles (3)

A

Nobility, patrician, senatorial class

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57
Q

Equites (Equestrians)

A

richest class of Plebeians

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58
Q

What does Novus Homo mean

A

new man

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59
Q

Cives

A

Citizens

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60
Q

Full Roman citizen’s rights (7)

A

Vote/hold office, marry other citizens and make a will, commerce, trial before urban praetor, appeal criminal case, wear toga, bear 3 names

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61
Q

How are the 3 names formatted

A

given/clan/family

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62
Q

Ius Latii

A

Latin (partial) citizenship

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63
Q

What was the incentives for Latins to gain Roman citizenship (6)

A

no vote, limited political/legal rights, must serve in military, hard to marry into Roman family, Roman woman would lose her status if married a non-roman, could do business in Rome

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64
Q

Peregrines

A

Non-Romans, non-Latins

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65
Q

What did Peregrines lack

A

All rights of Roman citizens

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66
Q

T/F Peregrines could marry non-citizens

A

True

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67
Q

What is the patron-client system

A

Social inferior (client) attaches self to a social superior (patron) for legal and political protection

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68
Q

What is the Patronus/Patron required to do

A

Provide support and protection to his clients

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69
Q

What are clients expected to do

A

Meet at Patron’s house each morning and offer him the salutatio

70
Q

What is Salutatio

A

client’s morning greeting to patron

71
Q

What is a sportula and who gives it

A

Little basket (money or food) given by patron to client

72
Q

What is servus, what is it a symbol of (3)

A

Slave, manpower, status, wealth

73
Q

Vernae

A

Slaves born on the master’s estate

74
Q

What is the “best” slave job

A

Domestic/household

75
Q

What were the worst slave jobs

A

Agriculture and mine

76
Q

Ergastula

A

Prison barracks where escaped slaves were locked up

77
Q

What does a tag with TMQF or “tene me quia fugio” mean

A

Hold me, because I run away

78
Q

Who was a leader in the 3rd Servile war

A

Spartacus

79
Q

Contubernium, what was it a term for

A

Cohabitation with a fellow slave, term for slave common law marriage

80
Q

Manumission

A

setting a slave free

81
Q

3 reasons for manumission

A

long/exceptional service, saving master’s life, exchange for peculium (buying freedom)

82
Q

3 methods for manumission

A

by the rod, testament, informal

83
Q

freed slave become ___ of ____ ____

A

client, former master

84
Q

libertus

A

freedperson/ex-slave

85
Q

T/F libertus children cannot move up the political ranks

A

False

86
Q

collegia

A

burial/social clubs

87
Q

What did the family paedagogus do

A

Escorted, tutored, and disciplined children in wealthier families

88
Q

Athens was the world’s first ____

A

university

89
Q

Ludus

A

school

90
Q

School day was from ___ to _____

A

dawn, mid afternoon

91
Q

numen

A

divine power

92
Q

Pontifex Maximus

A

chief priest

93
Q

what does the Pontifex Maximus do (3)

A

oversees religious orthodoxy, chooses priests, Vest Virgins

94
Q

Vestal Virgins (3)

A

sworn to chastity, guardians of the numen of the house and womanly virtues

95
Q

Augur

A

priests who examine movements of star, bird flights, other natural phenomena to see the will of the gods

96
Q

Haruspex

A

Priests who examine entrails of sacrificial animals to see the will of the gods

97
Q

Suovetaurilia

A

sacrifice of pig, sheep, and bull

98
Q

God of Potrunus was god of what

A

Harbors and ports

99
Q

Lares

A

gods of field and property

100
Q

Penates

A

Gods of closets and cupboards

101
Q

Official periods of mourning: parents/children over 6, children under 6, husband or wife, close blood relative

A

parents/children: 1 years, children under 6: 1 month, husband/wife: 10 months, close blood relative: 8 months

102
Q

Columbarium

A

underground chamber with niches carved into the walls to hold urns

103
Q

Family mausoleum

A

Roman catacombs

104
Q

Collegium

A

social club for poor and ex-slaves/freedpersons which provides funerals and banquets for members

105
Q

Why were Epicureans banned from Rome

A

shunned for their immoral pleasures

106
Q

What is the universe made up of according to the atomic theory of Democritus

A

Atoms and Void

107
Q

According to the atomic theory of Democritus, atoms are… (4)

A

Eternal, indestructible, always there, invisible

108
Q

What happens to Atoms upon death of person

A

Break apart and form something new

109
Q

Romans believed that you shouldn’t fear death because

A

you will be reborn

110
Q

What was the most popular philosophy among Romans

A

Stoicism

111
Q

What did Stoicism believed about emotions (2)

A

Irrational and harmful

112
Q

What did Stoicism believed about nature

A

Live in harmony with nature

113
Q

Stoics believed in a _______ of ___

A

Brotherhood, man

114
Q

What did Marcus Aurelius write

A

Stoic philosophy in Meditations

115
Q

Contubernium

A

marital union not recognized by law

116
Q

Betrothal min. age

A

10

117
Q

What did Roman brides wear on wedding day (5)

A

Long white dress, hercules knot, flame red veil and shoes, ornate hair with ribbons, floral headress

118
Q

Confarreatio

A

Religious wedding

119
Q

Manus

A

husband’s legal control over wife

120
Q

Lucius Livius Andronicus is the father of ____ _____

A

Latin Literature

121
Q

Quintus Ennius was the father of _____ _____

A

Latin poetry

122
Q

Who was Polybius (3)

A

Greek historian, soldier, political hostage

123
Q

Who was Titus Maccius Plautus

A

Roman comedic playwright

124
Q

Who was Terence

A

Comedic playwright

125
Q

Cato was the father of _____ _____

A

Latin Prose

126
Q

Gaius Lucilius was one of the earliest ______ ______

A

Roman satirists

127
Q

Who wrote De Re Publica and De Legibus

A

Cicero

128
Q

Who is the historian who wrote Jugurthine war, Catiline conspiracy, and the histories

A

Sallust

129
Q

Who were early Rome laws passed by (3)

A

Paterfamilias, King, Consuls

130
Q

Who were the edicts of magistrates carried out by (2)

A

Praetors and Peregrine Praetors

131
Q

What did the magistrate edicts rely on and provide

A

Rely on professional legal experts, provide remedies for new civil matters

132
Q

What were the 3 edicts of Emperors

A

Mandata, Decreta, Rescripta

133
Q

What is the Mandata

A

administrative instructions to the Emperor’s officials

134
Q

What is the Decreta

A

judicial decision of the Emperor

135
Q

What is the Rescripta

A

Imperial statement of what Emperor’s decision would be if the facts proved as stated in the petition or request made to him

136
Q

What is the consilium principis

A

emperor’s council or jurists and legal experts

137
Q

What did jurists begin

A

The study of law

138
Q

What were the 12 tables

A

Rome’s first written law code

139
Q

T/F, the Twelve Tables were a complete code of law

A

False, list of definitions of various private rights and procedures

140
Q

What were all Roman Laws gathered into

A

Corpus Juris Civilis

141
Q

What was a major influence in modern Western Law

A

Justinian’s code

142
Q

What were the four parts of the CJC

A

The Code, Digest, Institutes, Novels

143
Q

What is the Digest component of the CJC

A

Contained all decisions made by great Roman jurists

144
Q

What is the Institutes component of the CJC

A

general textbook used by law students

145
Q

What is the Novels component of the CJC

A

all of the new laws passed by Justinian himself during his reign

146
Q

What did Cicero say about the law

A

Spirit of law instead of Letter of law, basically what the law means (principles) not just what it says

147
Q

How many days to pay fines

A

30 days

148
Q

What two crimes resulted in public executions

A

Corruption and rebellion

149
Q

Who were treated better during punishment, rich or poor

A

Rich

150
Q

All cases in Roman law look at what two circumstances

A

Aggravating and mitigating

151
Q

Who were the Police force supplemented by

A

Vigiles (firemen)

152
Q

What type of clock was used in law courts

A

Water clock

153
Q

Julius Caesar assassinated on the _____ of March

A

Ides

154
Q

How many days were in Caesar’s calendar

A

365 1/4 days

155
Q

Who was July named after

A

Julius Caesar

156
Q

Who was August named after

A

Augustus

157
Q

Who were the two leading conspirators in the assassination of Caesar

A

Brutus and Cassius

158
Q

What were the citizen’s reactions to the assassins

A

Did not rise up in support so the assassins had to flee

159
Q

What did Octavian Caesar change his name to (4)

A

Gaius Julius Casar Octavianus

160
Q

What did Octavian and Lepidus create

A

alliance to share power and keep the peace

161
Q

What was the purpose of tha alliance called the Triumvirs for the Restoration of the State (3)

A

Bring Caesar’s assassins to justice, avenge his murder, and return Empire to stability

162
Q

Who does Antony marry

A

Cleopatra

163
Q

Was the marriage between Antony and Cleopatra legal and why?

A

No, Cleopatra is a foreigner under Roman law

164
Q

Who wins the Battle of Actium

A

Octavian

165
Q

Who flees after the Battle of Actium (2), what do they do after the flee

A

Antony and Cleopatra, commit suicide

166
Q

What did Octavian do when he gained sole power in Rome

A

Created the appearance of a Republic by giving most of his power back to the Senate through a process of Trial and Error

167
Q

What title did Octavian prefer

A

Princeps (First Citizen)

168
Q

What did Octavian’s rule become known as

A

Principate

169
Q

What is Pax Romana

A

The Roman Peace (long period of peace and prosperity)

170
Q

Who aided Octavian

A

3rd wife Livia

171
Q

What are the 4 Pillars of the Principate

A

People, Equestrians, Senate, Army

172
Q

Who is Julia

A

Only natural child of Octavian and was exiled to a small island for adultery

CLAS 202 (4 decks)

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