Quiz 1 (Module 1-5) Flashcards
What is Familia, what sense did it create?
Family, main very close society unit, created a sense of identity and means of support
What is the Paterfamilias
Male head of family, eldest male member, had tons of power
What is the genius
Protective spirit of the family
Who is the incarnate represenative of all his familia’s ancestors
Paterfamilias
Upon the death of the Paterfamilias, what happens to his sons?
They become the Paterfamilias of their own familias
What is the matrona
wife of the paterfamilias
Qualities of the matrona (5)
Respectable, domineering, supportive, virtuous, strong
What was the primary role of the matrona?
Provide heirs
What secondary tasks did Matronas do? (2)
Run household/slaves, make and craft with wool
Was the mortality rate high or low?
High
What is Alimenta?
Basically welfare or baby bonus
Who started Alimenta
Emperor Nerva
What did Alimenta provide
Food and clothing
Why did Roman leadership create Alimenta?
They were concerned about declining numbers as the Empire expanded
Who founded Carthage
Queen Dido of Tyre
Where was Carthage founded near
Tunis
Which was the wealthiest city in the ancient Med. world
Carthage
What was the main reason Carthage was so wealthy
Trading purple dye
Did Carthage trade by land, sea, or both?
Both
What did Carthage’s military consist of? (2)
Huge, elite navy and a large mercenary army
What were Mamertines? Where were they from?
“Sons of Mars” - Mercenaries from southern Italy
Which was the land power and which the naval power between Rome and Carthage
Carthage was a naval power and Rome was the land power
What is the Corvus and who created it
Rome created it. Was a plank/walkway that had a long spike at the end, as the Roman ships passed the Carthaginian ships they would put it across onto their ships and use it to cross over and capture the ships
The Corvus turned a ___ battle into a ___ battle
Sea, Land
What is Rome’s first foreign province
Sicily
Who is Hamilcar Barce and what was did he participate in?
Carthaginian noble and commander sent to build a Carthage empire in Spain leading to the 2nd Punic War
Why was Hannibal Barca so well liked? (2)
He was a brilliant tactician and lead by example
Which place was Hannibal the general of
Spain
What oath did Hannibal supposedly take as a child
Never to be a friend to Rome
What happened during the Battle of Cannae?
Rome built a massive army and tried to wipe out Hannibal in an open plain near the village of Cannae
How does Hannibal beat the Romans during the battle of Cannae?
Using a tactic called the double envelopment
Which battle was Hannibal’s greatest victory and Rome’s greatest defeat
Battle of Cannae
Who was given the agnomen “Africanus”
Publius Cornelius Scipio
Which commander finally defeats Hannibal?
Publius Cornelius Scipio/Africanus
What happened during the siege of Carthage
Rome sent a delegation to Carthage to put sanctions on them but saw they were prosperous so they began a siege of the city and destroyed the entire city
What happened to the men, women, and children after the siege of Carthage?
Men were killed, women and children were sold into slavery
What did men commonly wear in Rome?
Tunic which was basically a long shirt
What was the formal dress of the Patrician class and wealthier Plebeians
Long woolen wrap secured by a knot
What did Senators wear
Broad purple stripe on toga
What did Equestrians wear
Thin purple stipe on toga
What did boys wear on their toga?
Purple stipe until reaching manhood
What did women wear?
Ankle length, long-sleeved tunic
What was a stola and who wore it?
Long garment belted at the waist that is worn above a tunic, worn by women
What is a bulla
child’s amulet, meant to provide good luck and protection
What was pietas
Respect for authority to the gods, state and family
What was virtus
Masculinity, manliness, courage
What was fides
Loyalty, faithfulness, honesty, integrity
What was clemetia
calculated mercy
What was the noblest and most traditional Roman occupation?
Farming
What is the Mediterranean triad
Wheat/grain, olives, grapes
What is ard
Early plough
What is amphora
Shipping container that holds and transports crops
What is age publicus
common land owned by the state and often rented out
What is latifundia
Plantation usually worked on by large teams of slaves
What is villa
Farm estate owner’s residence
What mediums was literature/documents recorded on? (3)
Papyrus, parchment, recopied by monks
Were there inaccuracies from the monks recopying?
Yes because they were Christian
What is a Roman Military Diploma
retirement papers
What were the different mediums of art? (4)
Sculpture, painting, architecture, daily life
What is graffiti/graffito
message scratched/painted on wall since walls were often blank in Rome
What did coins tell us about Rome (4)
events, victories, emperors, cities gaining citizenship
Did Romans leave a lot of lists?
Yes
Are ancient Rome grave finds common? Why/Why not?
No, they often cremated their dead
What are the alps?
Dominant mountain range
What are the Apennines
down the centre spine of Italy and limited transportation
What are the two major rivers
Po and Tiber
How many hills is Rome built on?
7
What is Rome’s first stronghold for defense
Capitoline Hill
Who were the Etruscans (4)
Advanced and energetic culture, engineers, religious, great impact on Roman culture
What is Bucchero
Etruscan black pottery
Who are the Celestial Triad of deities?
Jupiter, Juno, Minerva
Who was the last Etruscan speaker
Emperor Claudius
Who was Aeneas
Trojan hero and prince of Troy
Who was Aeneas’ mother
Aphrodite
What did Remus and Romulus’ mom claim about their father?
She was a Vestal Virgin and claimed she was impregnated by Mars
What did Remus and Romulus’ mom do to them after they were born?
Put them in a basket and floated them down the river where a she wolf finds them and raises them
Who builds rome
Remus and Romulus
Who is Rome’s first king
Romulus
How does Romulus kill Remus
Quarrel over the city wall, Remus tries to jump over the wall and dies
What three people make up the Romans
Etruscan, Latin, Sabines
What is the name for king
Rex
What is a fasces and what does it represent
bundles of rods/axes and represent the King’s power to beat or execute his subjects
What is the patricians, how much of the pop. did they make up
upper class, rich, 10-20%
Who were the Plebeians and how much of the pop. did they make up
Lower social class, farmers and craftsman, 80-90%
Were Patricians slaves
No
Was the gap between Plebs and Patricians big or small
Big
What is the term gentes
Your clan
What were each tribe required to provide
Century of soldiers
Who were the Equites
Wealthiest Plebeians
What is the name of Rome’s major port
Ostia
What is the Res Publica
Republic of Rome
Who is the last Etruscan king of Rome and what describes him
Targuinius, cruel, evil, etc.
What is the most powerful legislative body in Roman Republic
Senate
What was the tribal assembly
Create legislation and non-capital offence appeals, based on geographical location
What is the Cursus Honorum
Clear progression and career path of offices to be held in order to become leading Senator or Consul
What is the Aediles
Second political office one can run for
How old do you need to be for Aediles office
36
What is the Aediles office in charge of
Streets, markets, festivals, public works
What was the Praetor in charge of
Public law courts
How old to be a Praetor
39
What is the consul
chief magistrate, commanded the armies
How many consuls were there
2
What is the tribune
Represents rights of the Plebs
What is the dictator form of ruling
1 man rule, unlimited power to safeguard the state
What are lictors
Men who accompany the Consuls
What is a triumph
Procession following a war that was won, sacrifices, parades, etc.
What is the Twelve Tables
Rome’s first written law code
Who is Horatius Cocles
Defended narrow bridge from the Etruscans, destroyed the bridge to stop them and swam to safety
What is the latin league
Formed to defeat the etruscans
Characteristics of Gauls
Tall, blonde/red head
Who led the sack of Rome
Gauls
Who were the Samnites
Italic herdsmen
