Quiz 2: Diabetes and Cardiac Flashcards
Who secretes insulin in response to glucose intake?
pancreatic beta cells
Type 1 diabetes:
acute onset of insulin deficiency, requires exogenous insulin administration
Type 2 diabetes:
more gradual onset which causes insulin uptake in cells to be impaired and slower destruction of beta cells in pancreas
Hemoglobin A is what percent of total Hgb?
98%
Hemoglobin A1 is what percent of Hemoglobin A?
7%
What are the three components of Hemoglobin A1:
A1a, A1b, A1c
Hemoglobin A1c makes up what percent of A1?
80% of A1
The average A1c is what?
5.6%
If you measure TOTAL hemoglobin A1 it is generally x% higher than just the hemoglobin A1c component?
2-4%
Hemoglobin A1c is the component of hemoglobin A1 that combines…
most easily and strongly with glucose
Non diabetic adult or child A1c
4-5.6%
Diagnosis of diabetes A1c:
> 6.5%
Our goal in patient care is to keep the diabetic patient’s HbA1c under?
7.0%
What is the average lifespan of a RBC?
100-120 days
HgbA1c percentage can be used to determine the patient’s glucose level over what period?
3-4 month
Mean plasma glucose:
(35.6 x HgbA1c) -77.3
Mean plasma glucose shows what?
uses hemoglobin A1c to let our patients know what their average daily glucose reading is
1% reduction in HbA1c reduces risk by what percent? Diabetes related deaths
21%
1% reduction in HbA1c reduces risk by what percent? MI
14%
1% reduction in HbA1c reduces risk by what percent? Microvascular complications
37%
1% reduction in HbA1c reduces risk by what percent? amputations or deaths
43%
Insulin is produced in?
pancreatic beta-cell
Insulin release facilitates the moment of glucose from?
circulatory system to the cell
When is insulin level helpful:
detection of an insulinoma or to find cause of hypoglycemia