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Bioscience Emily Clipston > quiz 2 cancer stuff > Flashcards

quiz 2 cancer stuff Flashcards

1
Q

normal healthy tissues

A

not actively mitotic

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2
Q

basal cells

A

in contact with basal membrane, only cells capable of division

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3
Q

tumor is synonymous with

A

neoplasm

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4
Q

malignant growths

A

cancerous, extremely poorly organized

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5
Q

benign growths

A

not cancer

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6
Q

benign vs malignant

A

malignant have the ability to travel and invade/destroy local tissues

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7
Q

carcinoma

A

epithelial tissue cancer

high proportion of regeneration, a lot of direct content with the environment

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8
Q

schwannoma

A

benign 99% of the time, tumors in nervous tissues, still bad

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9
Q

glioblastoma multiforme

A

malignant, median survival ~1year

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10
Q

hypertrophy

A

inc in size of cells

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11
Q

hyperplasia

A

inc in number of cells

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12
Q

metaplasia

A

replaces normal adult cells with other normal adult cells

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13
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal growth

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14
Q

anaplasia

A

loss of differentiation

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15
Q

sarcoma

A

connective tissue cancer

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16
Q

hematologic

A

blood

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17
Q

leukemias

A

bone marrow

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18
Q

lymphomas

A

lymph nodes

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19
Q

screening

A

pap test
occult blood (stool)
imaging
tumor markers

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20
Q

diagnostic pathology

A 
biopsy
triple test: 
-cells from screening (pt 1)
-imaging (pt 2)
-diagnostic clinical impression of pt (pt 3)
fine needle aspirate
surgical
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21
Q

gold standard for dx

A

pathology

22
Q

sentinel node

A

lymph node that is the first to drain a region of tissue, can be removed and examined to determine if the cancer has spread

23
Q

prognosis factors

A 
stage
cell type
grade (low or high): aggressive
performance status: PTs can influence
prior tmt
24
Q

Stage 0 cancer

A

very localized
in situ
no local invasion

25
Q

stage 1 cancer

A

confined

moving beyond places of where the cells hould be though

26
Q

stage 2 cancer

A

localized but larger

27
Q

stage 3 cancer

A

localized but spread outside of the tissue of origin

28
Q

stage 4 cancer

A

metastatic, diasease has spread to distant sites

29
Q

TNM system

A

tumor (size (1-4))
node (# (1-4))
metastases (y(1) or n(0)

30
Q

oncogenesis factors

A

genetic (~5%)
environmental: includes age and lifestyle choices
95%–> lifestyle choices

31
Q

cervical cancer has decreased by 70 because

A

a vaccine has been generated for HPV

32
Q

treatment

A

surgery

radiation: kills tumor cells
chemotherapy: medication to kill tumor cells

33
Q

determining factors of treatment

A 
same as prognosis:
stage
type
performance
grade
prior tmt
34
Q

ECOG performance scale

A

0: no resrtictions
1. restrcitions in high intensity activity
2. low restrictions but out of work
3. in bed for >1/2 of hours
4: diabled, totally confined to bed or chair
5. dead

35
Q

tumor supressors

A

genes, when turned off allow cells to display a diff phenotype allowing tumors to form

36
Q

proto-oncogenes

A

if mutated, results in an ongogene (promotes cancer)

37
Q

CML

A

chronic myloginal lukemia

38
Q

C-ABLE

A

when turned on, promoted duplication of WBCs

39
Q

primary tmt

A

main tmt

40
Q

adjuvant tmt

A

extra/bonus, might be later or at the same time or before (neoadjuvant), used to

  • shrink tumors b4 surgery
  • make tumors more sensitive to tmt
41
Q

salvage tmt

A

after recurrance

42
Q

palliative tmt

A

given for tmt comfort, associated with end stage care

43
Q

surgery

A

1st choice for many cancers
optimal for lower stages
localized

44
Q

radiation

A

localized

admistered via ext device

45
Q

brachytherapy

A

a type of radiation where they implant a radioactive material near the tumor

46
Q

chemotherapy

A

impacts the whole body

  • agents target rapidly dividing cells
  • means that other normal rapidly dividing cells are also affected
  • hoping that the biggest impact if on the disease
47
Q

monoclonal antibodies

A

trigger an immune response in such a way that only the cancerous tissues are affected

48
Q

gleevic

A

treats lukemia

49
Q

herceptin

A

treats breast cancers

50
Q

rituxan

A

lymphoma, wipes out the B cell population

51
Q

avastin

A

treats glioblastoma

Bioscience Emily Clipston (9 decks)

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