quiz 2 cancer stuff

Question 1

normal healthy tissues

Answer 1

not actively mitotic

Question 2

basal cells

Answer 2

in contact with basal membrane, only cells capable of division

Question 3

tumor is synonymous with

Answer 3

neoplasm

Question 4

malignant growths

Answer 4

cancerous, extremely poorly organized

Question 5

benign growths

Answer 5

not cancer

Question 6

benign vs malignant

Answer 6

malignant have the ability to travel and invade/destroy local tissues

Question 7

carcinoma

Answer 7

epithelial tissue cancer

high proportion of regeneration, a lot of direct content with the environment

Question 8

schwannoma

Answer 8

benign 99% of the time, tumors in nervous tissues, still bad

Question 9

glioblastoma multiforme

Answer 9

malignant, median survival ~1year

Question 10

hypertrophy

Answer 10

inc in size of cells

Question 11

hyperplasia

Answer 11

inc in number of cells

Question 12

metaplasia

Answer 12

replaces normal adult cells with other normal adult cells

Question 13

dysplasia

Answer 13

abnormal growth

Question 14

anaplasia

Answer 14

loss of differentiation

Question 15

sarcoma

Answer 15

connective tissue cancer

Question 16

hematologic

Answer 16

blood

Question 17

leukemias

Answer 17

bone marrow

Question 18

lymphomas

Answer 18

lymph nodes

Question 19

screening

Answer 19

pap test
occult blood (stool)
imaging
tumor markers

Question 20

diagnostic pathology

Answer 20

biopsy
triple test: 
-cells from screening (pt 1)
-imaging (pt 2)
-diagnostic clinical impression of pt (pt 3)
fine needle aspirate
surgical

Question 21

gold standard for dx

Answer 21

pathology

Question 22

sentinel node

Answer 22

lymph node that is the first to drain a region of tissue, can be removed and examined to determine if the cancer has spread

Question 23

prognosis factors

Answer 23

stage
cell type
grade (low or high): aggressive
performance status: PTs can influence
prior tmt

Question 24

Stage 0 cancer

Answer 24

very localized
in situ
no local invasion

Question 25

stage 1 cancer

Answer 25

confined | moving beyond places of where the cells hould be though

Question 26

stage 2 cancer

Answer 26

localized but larger

Question 27

stage 3 cancer

Answer 27

localized but spread outside of the tissue of origin

Question 28

stage 4 cancer

Answer 28

metastatic, diasease has spread to distant sites

Question 29

TNM system

Answer 29

tumor (size (1-4)) node (# (1-4)) metastases (y(1) or n(0)

Question 30

oncogenesis factors

Answer 30

genetic (~5%) environmental: includes age and lifestyle choices 95%--> lifestyle choices

Question 31

cervical cancer has decreased by 70 because

Answer 31

a vaccine has been generated for HPV

Question 32

treatment

Answer 32

surgery radiation: kills tumor cells chemotherapy: medication to kill tumor cells

Question 33

determining factors of treatment

Answer 33

``` same as prognosis: stage type performance grade prior tmt ```

Question 34

ECOG performance scale

Answer 34

0: no resrtictions 1. restrcitions in high intensity activity 2. low restrictions but out of work 3. in bed for >1/2 of hours 4: diabled, totally confined to bed or chair 5. dead

Question 35

tumor supressors

Answer 35

genes, when turned off allow cells to display a diff phenotype allowing tumors to form

Question 36

proto-oncogenes

Answer 36

if mutated, results in an ongogene (promotes cancer)

Question 37

CML

Answer 37

chronic myloginal lukemia

Question 38

C-ABLE

Answer 38

when turned on, promoted duplication of WBCs

Question 39

primary tmt

Answer 39

main tmt

Question 40

adjuvant tmt

Answer 40

extra/bonus, might be later or at the same time or before (neoadjuvant), used to - shrink tumors b4 surgery - make tumors more sensitive to tmt

Question 41

salvage tmt

Answer 41

after recurrance

Question 42

palliative tmt

Answer 42

given for tmt comfort, associated with end stage care

Question 43

surgery

Answer 43

1st choice for many cancers optimal for lower stages localized

Question 44

radiation

Answer 44

localized | admistered via ext device

Question 45

brachytherapy

Answer 45

a type of radiation where they implant a radioactive material near the tumor

Question 46

chemotherapy

Answer 46

impacts the whole body - agents target rapidly dividing cells - means that other normal rapidly dividing cells are also affected - hoping that the biggest impact if on the disease

Question 47

monoclonal antibodies

Answer 47

trigger an immune response in such a way that only the cancerous tissues are affected

Question 48

gleevic

Answer 48

treats lukemia

Question 49

herceptin

Answer 49

treats breast cancers

Question 50

rituxan

Answer 50

lymphoma, wipes out the B cell population

Question 51

avastin

Answer 51

treats glioblastoma