quiz 2

Question 1

cell responses to stress

Answer 1

adaptation
injury
death
wound healing

Question 2

atrophy

Answer 2

decrease in cell size

Question 3

ischemia

Answer 3

lack of blood flow

Question 4

hypoxia

Answer 4

lack of O2

Question 5

hypertrophy

Answer 5

inc in cell size

Question 6

hyperplasia

Answer 6

inc in cell #

Question 7

anoplasia

Answer 7

lack or large reduction in a particular tissue type

Question 8

metaplasia

Answer 8

replacement of another adult cell by another normal adult cell type
seen in cancer, not directly correlated to it though

Question 9

dysplasia

Answer 9

abnormal cell tissue growth/structure

often get stuck in immature phase of devel

Question 10

neoplasia

Answer 10

abnormal generation of cells, “new tissue”, not directly correlated to cancer

Question 11

artherosclerosis

Answer 11

gradual reduction in blood flow

Question 12

clot

Answer 12

thombus, embolus

Question 13

free radical formation

Answer 13

highly active and damaging
promote further regeneration of themselves
1 unpaired e-

Question 14

inducing hypoxia and decreased pH

Answer 14

increase in lactic acid

Question 15

impairing calcium homeostasis

Answer 15

important for signalling
calcification in tissues
prolongs stress
apoptosis

Question 16

necrosis

Answer 16

unregulated, uncontrolled, release of cell contents into surrounding tissues, results in cell death

Question 17

apoptosis

Answer 17

still results in death, highly controlled and regulated

Question 18

coagulative necrosis

Answer 18

do to hypoxia, often due to lack of blood flow

ex)infarctions

Question 19

caseous necrosis

Answer 19

cheese like appearance, caused by a bacterial or fungal infection, specifically tuberculosis
less common

Question 20

liquefactive necrosis

Answer 20

can occur along or following other necroses, purulent exudate (pus), will leave a cavity where fluid can collect and infections can occur
lipid rich areas

Question 21

gangrene

Answer 21

necrosis of a large mass of tissue

most common in extremities

Question 22

dry gangrene

Answer 22

result of ischemia, progresses slowly, impariment of arterial blood supply

Question 23

wet gangrene

Answer 23

infectious, impaired arterial and venous supply and outflow, rapid progression

Question 24

parenchymal tissue

Answer 24

stuff of the tissue

Question 25

stroma

Answer 25

supportive connective tissue

Question 26

1st intention healing

Answer 26

if edges are approximated (like in surgery), no tissue loss

Question 27

2nd intention healing

Answer 27

extensive tissue loss, edges not approximated, space will be filled in over time with scar tissue

Question 28

imflammatory phase

Answer 28

hours-a few days
hemostasis (stopping of blood), and vasoconstriction within minutes
dilation and increased capillary permeability
infiltration by neutrophils and macrophages: WBC’s that clean up stuff

Question 29

proliferative phase

Answer 29

2-3 days to ~3 weeks
fibroblast proliferation: release cytokines (signaling mechanisms) that signal initial migration of epithelial tissue
angiogenesis stimulating factors (growth of new blood vessels)
collagen synthesis
granulation tissue formed (beefy, lots of fibroblasts and capillary beds)
epithelialization

Question 30

remodelling phase

Answer 30

begins areound 3 weeks after injury
6 mo or longer
collagenase
remodelling of collagen architecture
influenced based on activities

Question 31

factors that affect wound healing

Answer 31

nutrition
blood flow and O2 delivery
immune competency
presence of infection
wound separation
presence of foreign bodies
age

Question 32

dehiscence

Answer 32

a wound that was approximated but opened up