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Anatomy > Quiz 2 - Breast, Thoracic Wall, Lungs > Flashcards

Quiz 2 - Breast, Thoracic Wall, Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

the breast lies within the ____

A

superficial fascia (subcutaneous tissue) between the skin and the deep fascia overlying the pectoralis major muscle

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2
Q

retromammary space

A

deep to the breast tissue, but superficial to the deep fascia; allows for some movement of the breast on the thoracic wall

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3
Q

four quadrants of breast

A

upper outer
upper inner
lower inner
lower outer

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4
Q

UOQ

A

upper outer quadrant

has axillary tail that extends superolaterally towards the axilla

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5
Q

areola

A
  • surrounds the nipple

- contains multiple sebaceous glands which secrete lubricating and waterproofing sebum

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6
Q

accessory nipples

A
  • can be found anywhere along “milk lines”
  • can lactate
  • appear as moles
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7
Q

mammary gland is made up of 15-20 ______

A

lobes, each of which has a separate lactiferous duct draining into the nipple

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8
Q

each lobe is comprised of _______

A

lobules, which contain glandular tissue at the ends of the ducts (the alveoli), which only become active during lactation

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9
Q

lobular tissue is supported by fibrous bands connected to the dermis called _____

A

suspensory ligaments

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10
Q

blood supply to the breast

A
  • internal thoracic artery
  • branches of the axillary artery
  • intercostal arteries
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11
Q

lymphatic drainage of breast

A

-into axillary lymph nodes (mostly), but the inner quadrants also drain to the parasternal lymph nodes

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12
Q

medial end of clavicle

A

sternoclavicular joint

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13
Q

lateral end of clavicle

A

acromioclavicular joint

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14
Q

sternum

A

breast bone; ventral bone of the thoracic wall

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15
Q

jugular (suprasternal) notch

A

concave superior border of the manubrium

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16
Q

xiphoid process

A

the cartilaginous section at the lower end of the sternum; is not attached to any ribs

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17
Q

sternal angle (of Louis)

A
  • between manubrium and body of sternum
  • located subcutaneously
  • consistently at the level of the articulation of the 2nd costal cartilage with the sternum
  • must always start at this point to identify any particular rib or interspace
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18
Q

costal margins

A

lower edge of chest form by bottom edge of ribcage

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19
Q

coracoid process of scapula

A

arises anteriorly from near the top of the head and neck of the scapula, and projects anterolaterally

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20
Q

intercostal muscles

A
  • between ribs

- 3 layers (external, internal, innermost)

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21
Q

thoracentesis

A

-procedure used to remove abnormal collections of fluid or air from the pleural cavity

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22
Q

blood supply in the thorax

A
  • thoracic aorta: descends on L side of thorax and gives rise to posterior intercostal arteries
  • internal thoracic arteries (branches of the subclavian arteries): descend parallel to the sternum and give off anterior intercostal arteries. End by bifurcating into the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries
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23
Q

anterior and posterior intercostal arteries can develop _____

A

anastomotic connections, thus providing a collateral channel if either the aorta or internal thoracic artery becomes occluded

24
Q

intercostal veins drain to ________

A
  • internal thoracic vein anteriorly

- tributaries of the azygos vein posteriorly

25
Q

superior thoracic aperture

A
  • opening along the plane of the 1st rib

- superior boundary of the thoracic cavity

26
Q

apex of each lung

A

extends superior to the superior thoracic aperture; can be damaged by neck injuries or stab wounds

27
Q

diaphragm

A

inferior boundary of the thoracic cavity, which separates the thorax from the abdomen

28
Q

three subdivisions of thoracic cavity

A

two pulmonary cavities and a mediastinum

29
Q

mediastinum contains _____

A

heart, great vessels, trachea

30
Q

visceral pleura

A
  • covers lungs

- simple squamous epithelium

31
Q

parietal pleura

A
  • internal surface of thoracic cavity

- often named for whatever it’s in contact with; e.g. pleura in contact with chest wall is costal pleura

32
Q

pleural cavity/space

A
  • between visceral and parietal pleura

- normally contains only a small amount of serous fluid

33
Q

pleural reflection

A

-created wherever the parietal pleura reflects from one structures to another (e.g. from the chest wall onto the diaphragm)

34
Q

pleural recesses

A
  • occur where two parietal pleural surfaces are in contact with each other
  • no intervening lung tissue
35
Q

R lung divisions

A
  • oblique and horizontal fissures

- 3 lobes

36
Q

L lung divisions

A
  • oblique fissure only

- 2 lobes

37
Q

upper lobes

A

lie superior and anterior

38
Q

lower lobes

A

lie inferior and posterior

39
Q

middle lobes

A

lateral and anterior between oblique and horizontal fissues

40
Q

positions of lung at midclavicular, midaxillary, and midscapular lines

A

ribs 6-8-10

41
Q

positions of pleura at midclavicular, midaxillary, and midscapular lines

A

ribs 8-10-12

42
Q

trachea divides into 2 ________

A

main (1*) bronchi, one for each lung, at the CARINA

43
Q

1* bronchi divide into ________

A

lobar (2*) bronchi (2 on left 3 on right) that supply individual lobes

44
Q

2* bronchi divide into ______

A

segmental (3*) bronchi for each pulmonary segment

45
Q

intermediate bronchus

A

short segment of the right main bronchus prior to the branching of the middle and lower lobe bronchus

46
Q

how do the right and left main bronchi differ?

A

right has a more vertical course and a larger diameter

47
Q

trachea

A

C-shaped rings of cartilage; smooth muscle fills gap

48
Q

pulmonary arteries

A

carry deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart into the lungs; their branches travel alongside the bronchi into each lung segment

49
Q

pulmonary veins

A

returned oxygenated blood to heart; travel between adjacent lung segments receiving blood from both

50
Q

bronchial arteries

A

supply the bronchial tree and lung with oxygenated blood

51
Q

lymphatic drainage of the lung and visceral pleura is toward and thru the _______

A

hilum

52
Q

what filters pulmonary lymph?

A
  • bronchopulmonary nodes (clustered around the lobar and main bronchi at the hilum)
  • tracheobronchial nodes (surround the carina)
53
Q

muscles required for inspiration

A
  • diaphragm –> contraction flattens and moves it inferiorly
  • aided by contraction of intercostal muscles, which elevate the ribs laterally (bucket handle) and anteriorly (pump handle).
54
Q

expiration

A

passive; everything relaxes and moves back into position

55
Q

forced exhalation

A

-requires use of abdominal wall musculature

Anatomy (13 decks)

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