quiz 2 Flashcards
What form of antibodies and antigens are involved in precipitation reactions
soluble antigen reacting with soluble antibody
What is formed in precipitation reactions
insoluble ag/ab complex with visible lattice formation
When ag/ab complexes form at high rates, what can be measured using automation
turbidity
What is double immunodiffusion
both ag and ab diffuse toward each other; have similar epitope
How does radial immunodiffusion (RID) work
agar containing ab is incorporated with anti IgG, M or A. Diluted pt sample is put into wells, pt IgG diffuses across agar to zone of equivalence forming precipitin ring ; bigger diameter= more antigen concentration
Difference between RID and IEP
RID doesn’t use electricity
Difference between IEP and IFE
Ag put into wells in IEP, but not for IFE in which ag is directly applied to media
How does immunofixtation electrophoresis (IFE) work
Ab applied directly onto surface after electrophoresis. Results in separation of proteins into discrete bands.
How does immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) work
Ab placed in trough running parallel to electrophoresis. Proteins separate through diffusion and precipitin arc is formed
What does gamma peak look like for Hypogammaglobulinemia
small peak
What does gamma peak look like for agammaglobulinemia
no peak– no immunoglobulins
What does gamma peak look like for hypergammopathy
high peak– excessive immunoglobulins
How does hemagglutination work
Ag absorbed onto rbc. When ag/ab/rbc complex forms, visible agglutination is seen
How do complement fixation tests work
complement is used as reagent, pt serum, antigen of interest, and sheep rbc added. If complement reacts with ag-ab complex, no lysis of rbc– ab is present (+) for complement fixation. If rbc lyse, no ab present (-) for complement fixation
Heterophile antibodies are found for which disease
mono ; called forssman antibodies
What are heterophile antibodies
ab that can react with antigens from a different unrelated species. ex- forssman antibodies can react with sheep rbc but are directed towards guinea pig kidneys normally
What is ANA test
screens for autoantibodies
How does ANA test work
pt serum is put on slide containing HEP2 (human epithelial cell line); auto ab will react with DNA in HEP2 cells. After washing, treat with conj ab cont. fluorescent tag. ID staining pattern
In SLE, what ANA is present
dsDNA ; autoantibodies against dsDNA
What is CREST
clinical presentation of scleroderma. C- calcinosis R- reynauds syndrome E- esophageal involvement S- Sclerodactyly T- telangiectasia (spider veins)
What ANA is present in scleroderma
anticentromere antibody
Which autoantibodies generated in hepatitis
anti smooth muscle
Which autoantibodies generated in biliary cirrohosis
anti mitochondrial
Which autoantibodies generated in goodpastures disease
anti glomerular basement membrane
Which autoantibodies generated in pernicious anemia
anti parietal cell
What is incr/decreased in Hashimoto’s
incr TSH, normal t3/t4 which eventually decreases
What is incr/decr in graves disease
incr t4, decr TSH
What distinguishes autoimmune hepatitis from SLE
NO dsDNA in autoimmune hep
