Quiz # 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Struggles of Orders?

A

From Latin: Ordo - Caste System- Born into Ordines

Two Orders in Ancient Rome
- Patrician: 10% of population –> “Fathers” of country - Noblitiy - Aristocrats

  • Plebians: 90% of population –> everyone else

Written Law Code:

  • Twelve tables of Roman Law (455-450 BCE)
  • 10 patricians were tasked withs it creation
  • Written on wood tablets in primitive Latin

Hortensian Law (287)

  • Will threaten to leave Rome
  • Revolts against the senate
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2
Q

What is Roman Law?

A
  • 12 Tables of Roman Law (455-450 BCE)
    a. foundation of all law
  • Criminal & Civil Law -> Crimen - Capitalis (Cives - Civil)
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3
Q

Give some examples of Crimes in Rome?

A
  • Murder (unjustifed)
  • Treason
  • Perjury (lying under oath)
  • Forgery
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4
Q

What did the Plebeian threaten?

A

Cessede from Rome

  • 90% of population
  • Forces senators to back down
  • Appoint Dictator
    a. Quintus Hortensius
    b. 6 Month term = Dictators
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5
Q

Describe the Plebeian Council and how did they form?

A
  • Can veto, propose laws (Legislative Body)
  • Created Tribunes of the people
  • Political Tribunes
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6
Q

What are Political Tribunes?

A
  • Elected representatives (10)
  • 1 year term
  • Decisions on legislation must be unanimous
  • Can sit/speak in senate
  • Can’t vote in Senate
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7
Q

What are Optimate & Populares?

A

Replaced plebeias & Patricians after hortensian laws

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8
Q

What are 3 Punic Wars?

A

Date: (264 - 146 BCE)

  • Turning point in Western Civ.
  • Punic: punicus Phoenicians

Punic: latin form of phoenicans

  • Term to demonize the enemy
  • Language vastly different from that of Rome
  • Became a word from someone untrustworthy
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9
Q

What is shorthand knowledge of the first Punic war?

A

War in Sicily

Date: (264-241 BCE)

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10
Q

Shorthand Knowledge for 2nd Punic War?

A

Carthage invaded Italy

Date (218-202 BCE)

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11
Q

Shorthand Knowledge for 3rd Punic War?

A

Genocide Rome destroys Carthage

date: (149-146 BCE)

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12
Q

What is etymology of Genocide?

A

Cido: to Kill

Geno: Race/Tribe/People

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13
Q

Why was Punic War Fought?

A

fought over resources (grain)

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14
Q

What are the battle differences between Rome and Carthage?

A

ROME:

  • Little to no naval forces
  • Little to no effective leadership
  • can absorb massive casualties

CARTHAGE

  • Mercenaries - No “traditional” army
  • Great Generals
  • Resorts to Guerilla Warfare
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15
Q

Define Attrition

A

Romans can wait/ wear the enemy down

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16
Q

Define Tenacity

A

Hanging on / never giving up

17
Q

Who lost the 1st Punic War?

A

Carthaginians

18
Q

What did the Romans gain

A

3 new territories

19
Q

What is the difference between Rome and Carthage after the war?

A

ROME:
- Allegedly lost 200,000 men

CARTHAGE:

  • Loss unknown - sources lost
  • Accepted blame for war
  • forced to pay for damage
20
Q

Where does Carthage expand to? What do they call it?

A
  • Expand to Iberian Peninsula “Spain”
  • “New Carthage” in 237 BCE
  • East Coast - Colonized by the Greeks
  • Inland - Celto Iberians (indigenious peoples)
21
Q

Why was Carthage expansion a concern for the Romans?

A
  • Senate predicts war

- Senate provokes war in 219 BCE

22
Q

How did Hamilcar die?

A

Drowned

23
Q

How did the Roman senate provoke a war?

A

Sinister Means

  • Alligans with Saguntum
  • provokes rebellion against Carthage
  • Promotes aid to Saguntum
  • Has no intention to do so
24
Q

Who leads the siege of Saguntum?

A

Hannibal ( Hamilcar’s son)

25
Q

How does Rome declare war with Carthage?

A

Sagnutum falls

26
Q

Who was Hannibal Barca?

A
  • Very close to his father
  • Eventually commits suicide
    a. art of defience/tradition after loss in war
27
Q

What is the oath of Hannibal?

A
  • Underlying hatred for Rome
  • When 9 years old - publicly assisted in animal scarfice with Hamilcar
  • Swears to fight Rome to the Death
28
Q

Describe the 1st Punic War

A
  • Carthage/ Rome eyes Sicily; Both blame for war despite their treaties with each other

Senate sides with Campanian Pirates (Mamertines) in Messina

Naval War of Attrition (c. 265-245 BC) – Catastrophic loss of life

Roman tenacity and adaptiability at sea

Carthage/ Rome eye Sicily for expansion and conquest; both blame for war

Carthage under Hamilcar Barca (c. 275-228) fights gurerilla war of Attrition

Roman Attrition/Tenacity leads to ultimate victory 241 BC

3 New Territory: Sicily, Sardina, Corsica

Carthage pays annual installments to Roman Government

29
Q

What is a “New Carthage”

A
  • New Colonial empire in Spain (237); Cartagena is “New Carthage”
  • Death of Hamilcar: 228 BC
  • Roman Concerns lead to rebellion of Saguntum (219 BC)
  • Fall of Sagnuntum = Roman Declaration of war
30
Q

What is the best weapon for Rome?

A

Gladius

31
Q

How did Hamilcar die?

A

fell off a horse and drowned

32
Q

How long did it take for to capture Saguntum?

A

9 months

33
Q

Describe the 2nd Punic War.

A
  • Hannibal Foils Rome’s Grand strategy
  • Enters the French Alps and invades Italy (218)
  • Hannibal destroys Roman armies in major battles (218-217)
  • His army is too small and weakend to move on Rome
  • About a month to cross the Alps
  • Killed 15- 16,000 Romans
  • Drowning the Romans
  • Cat & Mouse in Apennies
34
Q

What are Fabian Tactics?

A
  • Senate elects Quintus Fabius Maximus (273-203 BC) dictator (217)
  • Delay Hannibal and prevent further victories
  • Counting on defection of major italitan cities
  • Hannibal’s cave drive near Capula
  • Psyops
  • Armies dont fight at night
35
Q

3rd Punic War

A

Marcus P. Cato, the Elder (234-149 BC)

  • Carthago Est delenda (Carthage muse be destoryed)
  • Roman provocations as excuse for war
  • Annihlation of Carthage under Scipio Aemilanus Africanus (185-129 BC)
  • Mare Nostrum
  • Cato the Elder wanted total destruction of Carthage
36
Q

Battle of Cannae

A
  • Largest battle
    • August 2nd on 216
    • Greatest military diaster in Roman history (ENTIRE)
    • Southeast Corner of Italy
    • Day won the Battle of Cannae but lost the war!
    • TURNING POINT
    • Oxymoron: wining Cannae; losing 2nd punic war