QUIZ 2 Flashcards
BSC
bedside commode
bid
two times per day
BiPAP
bilevel positive airway pressure
BKA
below knee amputation
BLS
basic life support
BM
bowel movement
BMI
body mass index
BP
blood pressure
BPH
benign prostatic hypertrophy
bpm
beats per minute
BRP
bath room privileges
BS
bowel sounds or breath sounds
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
DB
deep breathing
DBP
diastolic blood pressure
D&C
dilation and curettage
D/C
discontinue or discharge
Diff.
differential white blood cell count
DIC
disseminated intravascular coagulation
DJD
degenerative joint disease
DKA
diabetic ketoacidosis
DM
diabetes mellitus
DNR
do not resuscitate
DOA
dead on arrival
DOB
date of birth
DOE
dyspnea on exertion
DPT
diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
drsg
dressing
DTs
delirium tremens
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
Dx
disease or diagnosis
adherence
the extent to which an individual’s behavior coincides with medical or health advice.
Ex: taking meds, following diets, making lifestyle changes. degree of adherence ranges from disregarding all recommendations to following the total therapeutic plan.
acute illness
acute illness is typically characterized by symptoms of relatively short duration. symptoms appear abruptly and subside quickly and, depending on the cause, may or may not require intervention by healthcare professionals. some are serious ie appendicitis may require surgery, but many such as colds, subside without medical intervention or with OTC medications. most people return to normal level of wellness.
chronic illness
chronic illness lasts for an extended period, usually 6mos or longer, often for the person’s lifetime. usually have a slow onset and often have periods of remission when the symptoms disappear and exacerbation when the symptoms reappear. Ex: arthritis, heart and lung diseases, diabetes mellitus
disease
an alteration in body functions resulting in a reduction of capacities or a shortening of the normal life span.
etiology
causation of a disease or condition. includes the identification of all causal factors that act together to bring about the particular disease. Ex: the tubercle bacillus is designated as the biologic agent of tuberculosis. other etiologic factors such as age, nutritional status, occupation influence development of TB and course of infection.
exacerbation
when symptoms of a disease reappear
health beliefs
concepts about health that an individual believes are true.
Ex: some Hispanic Americans believe health is a balance of hot and cold qualities of a person. Citrus is considered cold, and meat and bread are hot foods. So a fever is said to be caused by eating too much “hot” foods.
health behaviors
actions people take to understand their health state, maintain an optimal state of health, prevent illness and injury, and reach their maximum physical and mental potential. Ex: eating wisely, exercising, paying attention to signs of illness, following treatment advice, avoiding known health hazards like smoking, taking time off, managing one’s time
illness behavior
a coping mechanism, involving ways individuals describe, monitor, and interpret their symptoms, take remedial actions, and use the health care system. affected by many variables such as age, sex, occupation, socioeconomic status, religion, ethnic origin, psychological stability, personality, education, modes of coping.
remission
when symptoms of a disease disappear. can be temporary or permanent
risk factors
lifestyle choices or practices that have potentially negative effects on health.
Ex: overeating, getting insufficient exercise, being overweight, excessive use of tobacco
locus of control
a concept from social learning theory that nurses can use to determine whether clients are likely to take action regarding health, that is, whether clients believe that their health status is under their own or other’s control.
Ex: people who believe they have major influence on their own health are called internals.
People who believe their health is controlled by outside forces like change or a god are externals.
abrasion
aka an excoriation, is a wearing away of the upper layer of skin as a result of applied friction or force.
Ex: scraping knee on pavement
alopecia
hair loss. can be caused by chemotherapeutic agents and radiation of the head.
callus
a thickened portion of epidermis, a mass of keratotic material. most are painless and flat and found on the bottom or side of foot over a bony prominence. usually caused by pressure from shoes. can be softened by soaking feet in warm water with Epsom salts, abraded with pumice stones or similar abrasives. lanolin creams help prevent them.
cerumen
earwax
may cause hearing problems in excess
corn
keratosis caused by friction and pressure from a shoe. commonly occurs on fourth or fifth toe, usually on bony prominence like a joint. usually conical. apex of corn is deep, sometimes even attached to bone. generally removed surgically. prevented by relieving pressure and massaging feet to promote circulation.
cross contamination
the movement of microorganisms from one client to another
Ex: placing dirty linen on another client’s bed
fissure
deep grooves frequently occurring between the toes from dryness and cracking of skin. treat with good foot hygiene and applying antiseptic and allowing air to reach the area.
hirsutism
growth of excessive body hair.
cause not always known. may be due to action of endocrine system and also heredity. older women and women in menopause experience this, such as growth of facial hair.
plantar warts
appear on sole of foot. caused by papovavirus hominis virus. . moderately contagious. frequently painful and often make walking difficult. may curettage, freeze with solid carbon dioxide, or apply salicylic acid to get rid of them.
pediculosis
infestation of lice.
common kinds: Pediculus capitis (head lice), Pediculus corporis(body louse), Pediculus pubis (crab louse).
scabies
a contagious skin infestation by the itch mite. characteristic lesion is the burrow produced by female mite as it penetrates upper layers of skin. causes intense itching more pronounced at night from increased warmth of skin stimulating parasites. wash with soap and water and apply scabicide lotion. wash linens and clothing in hot or boiling water.
tinea pedis
Aka Athlete’s foot - ringworm of the foot. caused by a fungus. scaling and cracking of skin, especially between toes. sometimes small blisters with a thin fluid form. severe cases - lesions may appear on other parts of body, esp hands. treat with commercial antifungal ointments or powders. prevent by ventilating feet, drying feet after bathing, wearing clean socks, and not going barefoot outside.
