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NRSG200 > QUIZ 1 > Flashcards

QUIZ 1 Flashcards

1
Q

attentive listening

A

listening actively, using all senses, as opposed to listening passively with just the ear
Ex: don’t react quickly, don’t interrupt, ask questions to clarify, empathic presence (SOLER: face person Squarely, Open posture, Lean towards person, Eye contact, Relaxed

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2
Q

elderspeak

A

speech style similar to babytalk; gives the message of dependence and incompetence to older adults
Ex: terms of endearment (honey, sweetie), inappropriate plural pronoun (are we ready for our bath?), tag questions (you want to wear this dress) and slow/loud speech

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3
Q

empathy

A

the ability to discriminate what the other person’s world is like and to communicate to the other this understanding in a way that shows that the helper understands the client’s feelings and the behavior and experience underlying these feelings
Ex: trying to understand another’s position

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4
Q

proxemics

A

the study of distance between people in their interactions

Ex: intimate (0-1.5 ft). personal (1.5-4 ft). social (4-12 ft). public(12 ft+)

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5
Q

afebrile

A

absence of a fever

Ex: someone with a temperature of 98 degrees farenheit

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6
Q

apical pulse

A

a central pulse located at the apex of the heart

Ex: locate apical pulse at fifth intercostal space at the left midclavicular line

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7
Q

apnea

A

a complete absence of respirations

Ex: sleep apnea; episodes of no breathing during sleep evidenced by daytime sleepiness, loud snoring, restless sleep

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8
Q

arrhythmia

A

an irregular heart rhythm

Ex: atrial fibrilation (chaotic fast heart rhythm)

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9
Q

auscultatory gap

A

the temporary disappearance of sounds normally heard over the brachial artery when the sphygmomanometer cuff pressure is high, followed by the reappearance of sounds at a lower level
Ex: diminished/absence of Korotkoff sounds when manually taking BP, occurs primarily in hypertensive pts

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10
Q

basal metabolic rate

A

the rate of energy utilization in the body required to maintain essential activities such as breathing
Ex: amount of calories or rate of energy needed to breathe

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11
Q

bradycardia

A

abnormally slow pulse rate, Ex: less than 60bpm

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12
Q

core temperature

A

the temperature of the deep tissues of the body (e.g., abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity). when measured orally, the average body temperature of an adult is between 36.7 celsius and 37 celsius (98 and 98.6Fahrenheit)
ex: abdominal core temp of patient is 98F

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13
Q

fever

A

elevated body temperature

ex: pt with upper respiratory infection has temp of 101F

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14
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

decrease in blood pressure related to positional or postural changes from lying to sitting or standing positions
Ex: pt feels lightheaded when getting up from seated position

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15
Q

pulse deficit

A

the difference between the apical pulse and the radial pulse
Ex: with dysrhythmia, heart can contract ineffectively, resulting in beat at apical site but no pulsation at radial pulse

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16
Q

pulse pressure

A

the difference between the systolic and the diastolic blood pressure. normal pulse pressure is 40mmHg but can be as high as 100mmHg during exercise
Ex: if BP is 120/80, 120-80=40mmHg as pulse pressure

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17
Q

point of maximal impulse

A

the point where the apex of the heart touches the anterior chest wall and heart movements are most easily observed and palpated
Ex: taking apical pulse at this point

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18
Q

surface temperature

A

the temperature of tissue, the subcutaneous tissue, and fat

Ex: inside, temp is usually 98F. surface temp can rise outside in the heat. core temp would remain constant.

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19
Q

tachycardia

A

an abnormally rapid pulse rate; Ex: greater than 100bpm

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20
Q

tachypnea

A

normal breathing pattern, abnormally fast respirations; Ex: usually more than 24 respirations per minute

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21
Q

tidal volume

A

the volume of air that is normally inhaled and exhaled

Ex: adult takes in 500mL air during normal inspiration and expiration

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22
Q

active immunity

A

a resistance of the body to infection in which the host produces its own antibodies in response to natural or artificial antigens
Ex: antibodies formed in presence of active infection of the body (known as natural active immunity) or antibodies formed in response to a vaccine or toxoid (known as artificial active immunity)

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23
Q

airborne precautions

A

used for clients known t o have or suspected of having serious illnesses transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei smaller than 5 microns
Ex: measles, varicella, TB are all airborne precautions. must wash hands before and after contact, wear N95 mask

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24
Q

asepsis

A

freedom from infection or infectious material

Ex: cleaning down bedside table/call button

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25
Q

bacteremia

A

bacteria in blood

Ex: staphylococcus aureus presence in blood from skin wound or respiratory tract infection

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26
Q

colonization

A

the presence of organisms in body secretions or excretions in which strains of bacteria become resident flora but do not cause illness
Ex: E coli normally reside and colonize in intestines without causing illness (cause illness if it moves somewhere else like bladder and causes UTI)

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27
Q

contact precautions

A

used for clients known or suspected to have serious illnesses easily transmitted by direct client contact or by contact with items in the client’s environment (GI, respiratory, skin, or wound infections, etc.)
Ex: VRE, E. coli, shigella, Hep A. place client in private room, hand hygiene before and after, wear gloves, wear gown if possibility of splashing or contact of infected surfaces

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28
Q

cultures

A

laboratory cultivations of microorganisms in a special growth medium
Ex: scientist can grow a culture of a virus on agar plate to study growth

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29
Q

granulation tissue

A

young connective tissue with new capillaries formed in the wound healing process. replaces damaged tissue. it’s fragile, gelatinous, appears pink or red, later the tissue shrinks and collagen fibers contract and a firm fibrous tissue remains (aka a scar).
Ex: scars formed where a wound was on the arm after a laceration

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30
Q

inflammation

A

local and nonspecific defensive tissue response to injury or destruction of cells. adaptive mechanism that destroys or dilutes the injurious agent, prevents spread of injury, and promotes repaired tissue damage. (characterized by 5 signs: pain, swelling, redness, heat, impaired function)
Ex: ankle swelling after a sprain, redness and warmness present

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31
Q

leukocytosis

A

an increase in the number of white blood cells

Ex: typically for WBC count greater than 10k. pt with an upper respiratory infection has elevated leukocyte levels

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32
Q

medical asepsis

A

all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area, limiting the number, growth, and spread of microorganisms. objects after medical asepsis are considered “clean” meaning absence of almost all microorganisms
Ex: cleaning a patient’s room, hand hygiene

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33
Q

nosocomial infection

A

infections that originate in a hospital

Ex: catheter associated UTI after insertion in hospital. no presence of infection until 48 hours after admission

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34
Q

passive immunity

A

passive (acquired) immunity: a resistance of the body to infection in which the host receives natural or artificial antibodies produced by another source
Ex: antibodies are transferred through mother to baby by placenta (passive natural) or from an animal to a human by injecting immune serum antibody (passive artificial)

35
Q

surgical asepsis

A

practices that keep an area or object free of all microorganisms; also called sterile technique
Ex: free the equipment of microorganisms. ex use sterile technique for urinary catheter insertion and with sterile dressing changes

36
Q

septicemia

A

occurs when bacteremia results in systemic infection

Ex: UTI reaches blood and causes systemic infection

37
Q

standard precautions

A

the risk of caregiver exposure to client body tissues and fluids rather than the suspected presence or absence of infectious organisms determines the use of clean gloves, gowns, masks, and eye protection
Ex: hand hygiene, PPE (gloves, gowns, eyewear, mask), safe injection practices, safe handling of potentially infected equipment, respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette

38
Q

asphyxiation

A

lack of oxygen due to interrupted breathing

Ex: when foreign object is lodged in someone’s throat and they start choking

39
Q

carbon monoxide

A

an odorless, colorless, tasteless gas that is very toxic
Ex: exposure causes symptoms like headaches, dizziness, weakness. can be from all gas powered vehicles like lawn mowers, kerosene stove, barbecues, burning wood

40
Q

chemical restraint

A

medications used to control socially disruptive behavior

Ex: benzodiazepines, antipsychotics (FDA has not approved any chemical restrains in USA)

41
Q

physical restraint

A

any manual method or physical or mechanical device, material, or equipment attached to a client’s body that cannot be removed easily and that restricts the client’s movement
Ex: attaching wrist restrains to pt who keeps tugging at NG tube

42
Q

seizure

A

a sudden onset of excessive electrical discharges in one or more areas of the brain
Ex: myoclonic seizure evident by muscle jerks

43
Q

seizure precautions

A

safety measures taken to protect clients from injury should they have a seizure
Ex: wearing alert bracelet, teaching about factors that may precipitate a seizure to pt

44
Q

AAA

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

45
Q

A&O

A

alert and oriented

46
Q

AB

A

abortion

47
Q

ac

A

before meals

48
Q

AC

A

antecubital

49
Q

ACE

A

angiotensin converting enzyme

50
Q

ACS

A

acute coronary syndrome

51
Q

ADA

A

American Diabetes Association

52
Q

ADHD

A

attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

53
Q

ADL

A

activities of daily living

54
Q

AED

A

automatic external defibrilator

55
Q

ad lib

A

as desired

56
Q

ADH

A

anti diuretic hormone

57
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

58
Q

afib

A

atrial fibrilation

59
Q

AICD

A

automatic internal cardiac defibrillate

60
Q

AKA

A

above knee amputation

61
Q

ALS

A

advanced life support

62
Q

AMA

A

against medical advice

63
Q

amb

A

ambulance/ambulatory

64
Q

ant

A

anterior

65
Q

AP

A

anteroposterior

66
Q

ARDS

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

67
Q

AROM

A

active range of motion

68
Q

ASA

A

aspirin

69
Q

ASD

A

atrial septal defect

70
Q

ATN

A

acute tubular necrosis

71
Q

AU

A

both ears

72
Q

AVM

A

arteriovenous malformation

73
Q

ABG

A

arterial blood gas

74
Q

boundaries

A

boundaries are defined by Boyd as limits of individuals, objects, or relationships
Ex: declining invitation to go out with patient, not accepting monetary gifts

75
Q

bullying

A

workplace bullying is defined as “repeawted, unreasonable actions of individuals (or a group) directed towards an employee (or groups of employees) which are intended to intimidate, degrade, humiliate, or undermine; or which create a risk to the health or safty of the employee(s). perpetrator is usually at a higher level of power (actual or perceived) than victim.
Ex: harassing, threatening someone

76
Q

emotional intelligence

A

the ability to form work relationships with colleagues, display maturity in a variety of situations, and resolve conflicts while taking into consideration the emotions of others. people with this are viewed as mature, approachable, easygoing.
Ex: someone resolves conflicts well while taking into consideration other’s feelings

77
Q

incivility

A

rude or disruptive behavior that may result in psychological or physiological distress for the people involved, and if left unaddressed, may progress into threatening situations. (ranges from distracting, annoying, irritating behaviors to bullying, menacing, potentially violence)
Ex: eye rolling, sarcastic comments

78
Q

lateral violence

A

physical, verbal, or emotional abuse or aggression directed at RN coworkers at the same organizational level. it usually includes verbal or nonverbal (rather than physical) aggressive behaviors. examples of these behaviors include gossiping, verbal abuse (speech that is intended to humiliate or embarrass another person), withholding information, snide remarks, abrupt responses, sabotage, scapegoating, not available to help, complaining to others about one individual, ostracism, and failure to respect the privacy of others
Ex: gossiping, verbal abuse, snide remarks

79
Q

mean arterial pressure

A

the MAP represents the pressure actually delivered to the body’s organs. it is calculated in several different ways, one of which is to add two-thirds of the diastolic pressure to one-third of the systolic pressure. Ex: a normal MAP is 70-110mmHg.

80
Q

oxygen saturation

A

this value is the percent of all hemoglobin binding sites that are occupied by oxygen. the value is determined using a pulse oximeter to detect hypoxemia before clinical signs and symptoms appear.
Ex: normal o2 sat is 95-100%, below 70 is life threatening

81
Q

direct transmission

A

involves immediate and direct transfer of microorganisms from person to person thru biting, kissing, sex. droplet spread is also a form of this, but only if the source and host are within 1m or 3feet of each other.
Ex: through touching, kissing, biting, sex, droplet can be direct if within 1 ft when sneezing, coughing, spitting, talking

82
Q

health care associated infection

A

infections that originate in any health care setting

Ex: catheter associated uti, ventilator associated pneumonia

83
Q

indirect transmission

A

this can be either vehicle or vector borne.
vector borne: an animal/flying/crawling insect that serves as an intermediate means of transporting an infectious agent.
vehicle borne: any substance that serves as an intermediate means of transport and introduces an infectious agent into a susceptible host through a suitable portal of entry. (handkerchiefs, toys, clothes, food)
Ex: fomites (inanimate objects like toys), water, food, plasma

NRSG200 (11 decks)

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