Quiz 2

Question 1

What is a deductive argument?

Answer 1

An argument intended to provide logical CONCLUSIVE support for its conclusion

Question 2

What is an inductive argument?

Answer 2

An argument in which the premises are intended to provide probable,NOT CONCLUSIVE, support for it’s conclusion

Question 3

Give an example of a deductive argument.

Answer 3

Anything that is 100% backed up

All Canadians have facebook
Adriano is Canadian
Therefore Adriano has facebook

Question 4

Give an example of a inductive argument

Answer 4

Anything that is not backed up 100%

90% of Italians have brown hair
Adriano is Italian
So Adriano has brown hair

Or

90% of Canadians have facebook
Adriano is Canadian
So Adriano has facebook

Question 5

What is an valid argument? Is it a deductive or inductive argument?

Answer 5

Deductive

An argument that succeeds in providing conclusive support for its conclusion

Question 6

What is an invalid argument? Is it a deductive or inductive argument?

Answer 6

Deductive

Fails to provide conclusive support for is conclusion

Question 7

What is truth-preserving?

Answer 7

A characteristic of a valid argument in which the logical structure guarantees the truth of the conclusion if the premises are true

Question 8

Give an example of an valid argument.

Answer 8

Any premises that back up the conclusion

Adriano is amazing with computers
Microsoft needs people that are amazing with computers
Therefore Microsoft needs Adriano

Question 9

Give an example of an invalid argument.

Answer 9

Anything that does not support a conclusion

If the sky is blue it’s a beautiful day
The ocean is blue
Therefore it’s a beautiful day

Question 10

What’s are the two subsections of a inductive argument?

Answer 10

Strong argument and weak argument

Question 11

What’s a strong argument?

Answer 11

An inductive argument that succeeds in providing probable- but not conclusive- support for it’s conclusion

Question 12

What’s a weak argument?

Answer 12

An inductive argument that fails to provide strong support for it’s conclusion

Question 13

Example of a strong argument.

Answer 13

Anything where the premises are supporting the conclusion

Most people talk
I am a person
Therefore I can probably talk

Question 14

Example of weak argument

Answer 14

Anything that doesn’t support the conclusion

Most humans can’t talk
I’m a human
Therefore I can probably talk

Question 15

What is a sound argument?

Answer 15

A deductively valid argument that has true premises

Question 16

Give an example of a sound and unsound argument

Answer 16

Sound- anything that is true

If the stars are out then it is night outside
the stars are out
Therefore it’s nighttime

Unsound- anything that is false

If the stars are out it is day time
The stars are out
Therefore it is day time

Question 17

What is a cogent argument?

Answer 17

A strong inductive argument with all true premises

Question 18

Give an example of a cogent argument

Answer 18

Anything that is true

1% of people in canada are making $200 000 a year
Adriano is Canadian
Therefore he probably doesn’t make $200 000 a year

Question 19

What’s conditional statement?

Answer 19

An “if _____ then ______” statement; it consists of the antecedent and consequent

Question 20

What is an antecedent?

Answer 20

The first part of a conditional statement (if_______, then ________) the component that begins with if

Question 21

What is a consequent?

Answer 21

The part of a conditional statement (If _______, then ________) introduced by the word then

Question 22

What is affirming antecedent?

Answer 22

A valid argument form

If P then Q
P
Therefore Q

Question 23

What is denying the consequent?

Answer 23

A valid argument form:

If p, then q
Not q
Therefore not p

Question 24

What is hypothetical syllogism?

Answer 24

A valid argument made up of three hypothetical or conditional statements

If P, then Q.
If Q, then R
Therefore, if P, then R.

Question 25

What is a syllogism?

Answer 25

A deductive argument made up of three conditional statements- two premises and a conclusion

Question 26

What is denying the antecedent?

Answer 26

An invalid argument form

If P, then Q.
Not P.
Then not Q.

Question 27

What is affirming the consequent?

Answer 27

An invalid argument form:

If P, then Q.
Q.
Therefore P

Question 28

What is disjunctive syllogism?

Answer 28

A valid argument form:

Either P or Q
Not P.
Therefore Q.

In the second premise of the syllogism, wither disjunct can be denied

Question 29

What’s is a disjunct?

Answer 29

Is the two parts of a disjunction. Has to have the word “or”

Question 30

What is Subjective Relativism?

Answer 30

the idea that truth depends on what someone believes
Subjective Fallacy- accepting the notion of subjective relativism or using it to try to support a claim
Philosophers find that there is a problem with this since what ever someone believes in anything can be true

Question 31

What is Social Relativism?

Answer 31

Social Relativism- The view that the truth is relative to SOCIETY

Believes that all beliefs in societies are equal

Critics point out that its self defeating, if they are saying its objectively true (meaning its true for everyone) it is not because every society does something different so it’s not objectively truth

Question 32

What is an independent premise?

Answer 32

A premise that not depend on other premises to provide support for the conclusion
If one of the premises is moved then the other premises are not affected in terms of affecting the conclusion

Question 33

What is a dependent premise?

Answer 33

A premise that depends on at least one other premise to provide joint support to the conclusion
If the dependent premise is removed then the other premise is undermined or completely cancelled out