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Cognitive Psych > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe selective attention

A

The capacity for or process of reacting to certain stimuli selectively with several occurred simultaneously

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2
Q

What is attention?

A

Taking possession by the mind is clear and visit form of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects were trains to thought

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3
Q

What is shiftable attention

A

The ability to shift attention from one stimuli to another

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4
Q

Change blindness

A

Failed to notice a change due to inattention

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5
Q

What factors influence the likelihood that changes notice?

A

The flicker in between disrupts motion detection which makes it difficult to notice changes in unattended parts of an image

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6
Q

Priming

A

Priming is a memory of backed in which one stimulus affects the response to another stimulus

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7
Q

Stimulus based priming

A

Detectors can be primed by Mere exposure to the stimulus

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8
Q

Expectation based planning

A

Slow, only able to concentrate on one area, does involve effort

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9
Q

Broadbent filter Theory

A

Stimuli are filtered, for selected to be attended to at an early stage during processing. A filter can be regarded as the selector of relevant information based on basic features such as color pitch or direction of stimuli

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10
Q

Attenuation Theory of attention

A

Accounted for the ability of attention to be held outside of the concentrated area

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11
Q

Late selection theory of attention

A

The proposed all stimuli gets processed in full with crucial difference being a filter place later in the information processing routine just before entrance into working memory

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12
Q

The cocktail party effect

A

The phenomenon of being able to focus ones auditory attention on a particular stimulus well filtering out the range of other stimuli much in the same way partygoer can focus on a single conversation in a noisy room

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13
Q

What evidence exists of the ability to multitask?

A

In the instance of texting and driving we saw a difference and reaction time, and more instance of incidental blindness

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14
Q

Autonomic versus controlled processing

A

Control processing requires attention and effort.

Pneumatic processing occurs without giving much thought

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15
Q

Heredity versus learning. Different ways the brain learns automatic processing

A

Heredity is being able to do a task without much thought without being taught (born with it)
Learning is passing from controlled to automatic via practice

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16
Q

Long-Term Memory

A
  • Very long duration
  • Hours to decades
  • Large, possibly unlimited capacity
17
Q

Short- Term/Working memory

A
  • Memory you are currently thinking about or working on
  • Short Duration
  • 7 items +- 2 items
  • Small Capacity
18
Q

Episodic Memory

A

Events that actually happened to you-personal events

  • involves mental time travel
  • Include context
  • Most affected by amnesia
19
Q

Memory Pathways

A
  • Serve as access routes and allow us to make connections
  • Formed through acquisition
  • Allow to use these connections to fire signals to retrieve memories
20
Q

Semantic Memory

A
  • Word meanings
  • General facts
  • Concepts
21
Q

Explicit Memory

A

Conscious awareness, easy to verbalize

22
Q

Implicit Memory

A
  • hard to verbalize
  • no conscious awareness
  • Skills habits
23
Q

Theory of Implicit Memory

A
  • Memory retrieval involves processing pathways
  • pathways increase processing fluency
  • fluency leads to attributions of familiarity
  • people are sensitive to a relative degree of processing fluency
24
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

Loss of memory before disruption (the accident or illness)

25
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

Inability to form new long-term memories (implicit)

-Clive Wearing

26
Q

Procedural Memory

A

Can perform, not verbalize (muscle memory)

27
Q

Techniques for improving everyday memory

A
  • Chunking (breaking things down into specific small sections)
  • Elaborative rehearsal (making connections while trying to memorize something
  • Distributed practice- encoding specificity
  • Minimize interference (distractions)
  • Deep Processing
  • State-dependent memory and mood (try to mimic test and study environments to enhance memory)
  • Elaboration and self-referent encoding
  • Transfer-appropriate processing
  • Organization
28
Q

Laptops vs. Longhand note taking

A
  • In general those who took longhand notes performed better on the tests
  • Found that those who take notes on laptops tend to type verbatim notes without deep processing
  • Found that generative note taking (writing stuff in your own fucking words) was a more effective way of getting things into long term memory
  • Those on laptops tend to get distracted or multi-task, therefore absorb less info
  • Laptop people performed worse on recall-concept questions
29
Q

Processing Fluency

A

-Improvement in the speed or ease of processing

30
Q

Free Recall (LTM)

A

Generate a response from memory

31
Q

Cued Recall

A

Prompt given to facilitate response generation

32
Q

Serial position effect

A

The tendency of a person to recall the first and last items in a series best in the middle items worst

33
Q

George Miller the magic number

A

7+ or -2. The amount of information able to hold in working/short-term memory.

34
Q

Chungking

A

A strategy that can be used to improve one’s short-term memory involves reducing on strings of information down to shorter more manageable chunks

35
Q

Baddeley’s model of STM

A

A model composed of three components, the supervisory system which controls the information, and slave systems which function as short term memory centers

36
Q

The central executive Center

A

The center in Baddeley’s model which acts as an executive supervisory systems and controls the flow of information to and from its other systems

37
Q

Visio spatial buffer

A

Holds visual information for manipulation

38
Q

Phonological loop

A

Audio information and words. written words can be transferred to this loop as well

Cognitive Psych (4 decks)

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