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Gross Anatomy 2 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which nerve innervates the skin of the face?

A

V = trigeminal nerve

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2
Q

What is the name of the intermediate tendon b/t the Frontalis and Occipitalis muscles?
*tightly bound to subcutaneous tissue which is directly below skin

A

Galea Aponeurotica

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3
Q

What is the periosteum covering the outer surface of the skull?

A

Pericranium

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4
Q

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

A 
S = Skin
C = connective tissue
A = Aponeurosis (gala aponeurotica)
L = Loose connective tissue
P = Pericranium
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5
Q

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull and what are the six branches?

A

Exits skull thru stylomastoid foramen

1) Temporal branch
2) Zygomatic branch
3) Buccal branch
4) Marginal mandibular branch
5) Descending cervical branch
6) Posterior auricular branch

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6
Q

What are the three large salivary glands?

A

Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual

28

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7
Q

What are the three other/small salivary glands?

A

Labial, Lingual, Palatine

29

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8
Q

Describe the innervation of the parotid gland?

A

1) Sympathetic fibers = vasomotor innervation
2) Parasympathetic fibers = secretomotor inn.
a) Preganglionic (presynaptic) = IX n.
b) Postganglionic (postsynaptic) = otic ganglion (27)

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9
Q

Describe the innervation of the submandibular gland?

A

1) Sympathetic fibers = vasomotor innervation
2) Parasympathetic fibers = secretomotor inn.
a) Preganglionic (presynaptic) = VII n.
b) Postganglionic (postsynaptic) = submandibular ganglion (28)

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10
Q

Describe the innervation of the sublingual, labial, and lingual glands?

A

1) Sympathetic fibers = vasomotor innervation
2) Parasympathetic fibers = secretomotor inn.
a) Preganglionic (presynaptic) = VII n.
b) Postganglionic (postsynaptic) = submandibular ganglion (29)

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11
Q

Describe the innervation of the palatine glands?

A

1) Sympathetic fibers = vasomotor innervation
2) Parasympathetic fibers = secretomotor inn.
a) Preganglionic (presynaptic) = VII n.
b) Postganglionic (postsynaptic) = sphenopalatine (pterygopalatine) ganglion (29)

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12
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the facial artery?

A

Inferior and Superior labial, and Angular arteries

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13
Q

What does the Angular artery supply and what does it anastomose with?

A

Supplies skin of nose and lower eyelid

Anastomoses w/ infraorbital artery

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14
Q

Does the Angular Vein enter the cranium?

A

It anastomoses w/ opthamic and infraorbital veins which go into the cranium = blood from tissues near orbit can drain into cranial cavity
(31)

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15
Q

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

V1-Opthalmic n.
V2-Maxillary n.
V3-Mandubular n.
(31)

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16
Q

Which of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve carry motor fibers? What do they innervate?

A

Mandibular-V3
Supply muscles of mastication: masseter, temporalis, lateral & medial pterygoid; ant belly of digastric, mylohyoid, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani
(31)

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17
Q

What ganglion are the cell bodies for the sensory neurons of the trigeminal nerve found?

A

Trigeminal ganglion = Gasserian ganglion

32

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18
Q

What bones is the caronal suture between?
Sagittal?
Lambdoidal?

A 
Caronal = b/t Frontal and left and right Parietal bones
Sagittal = b/t left and right Parietal bones
Lambdoidal = b/t occiput and parietal bones
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19
Q

Which sutures are considered to be Serrated Sutures?

A

Coronal, Sagittal and Lambdoidal

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20
Q

Which sutures are considered to be Bevel sutures?

A

Squamosal sutures = b/t squamous part of temporal and parietal bones

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21
Q

Where is the Bregma?

A

Junction b/t coronal and sagittal sutures

47

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22
Q

Where is the Lambda landmark?

A

Junction b/t sagittal and lamboidal sutures

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23
Q

Where are the superciliary arches/ridges?

A

Ridge along superior border of orbit

47

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24
Q

What is the Glabella?

A

Prominence above the bridge of the nose

47

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25
Q

What is the capacity of the cranial vault?

A

1500 cc

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26
Q

What passes through the optic canal?

A

Optic n. (II)

Opthalmic a.

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27
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

III n. (Oculomotor)
IV n. (Trochlear)
VI n. (Abducens)
V1 n. (Opthalmic)

28
Q

What passes through the foramen rotundum?

What does it connect?

A

Connects to sphenopalatine fossa

V2 n. (Maxillary)

29
Q

Where does the foramen ovale connect?

What passes through it?

A

Connects to infratemporal fossa
V3 n. (mandibular)
(50)

30
Q

What passes through the foramen spinosum?

Where does it connect?

A

Connects to infratemporal fossa
Middle meningeal a.
(50)

31
Q

What is found in the foramen lacerum?

A

Nothing. It is closed with fibro-cartilage

(internal carotid a. passes across foramen lacerum

32
Q

Which cranial fossa is the largest: Anterior, middle, or posterior?

A

Posterior

33
Q

What is contained w/in the internal auditory meatus?

A

VII n. (Facial)

VIII n. (Vestibulocochlear)

34
Q

What is contained w/in the jugular foramen?

A 
IX n. (glossophorengeal)
X n. (Vagus)
XI n. (Spinal accessory)
Internal jugular v.
(51)
35
Q

What is found w/in the foramen magnum?

A

Spinal chord
Vertebral arteries
Spinal root of XI n. (spinal accessory)

36
Q

What is found in the Hypoglossal canal?

A

XII n. (Hypoglossal)

37
Q

What are the three layers of meninges of the cranial vault?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia Mater
(52)

38
Q

What are the arachnoid and pia sometimes referred to as?

What is the dura also called?

A 
Leptomeninges = pia + arachnoid
Pachymeninges = dura
39
Q

How many layers does the cranial dura have? Spinal dura?

A

Cranial has 2 layers; Spinal dura has 1
Meningeal and periosteal
(52)

40
Q

B/t what two layers of cranial meninges is the subarachnoid space?

  • Epidural space?
  • Subdural space?
A

Subarachnoid space = b/t pia and arachnoid
Epidural space = b/t dura and bones of cranial vault
Subdural space = b/t dura and arachnoid
(53)

41
Q

Describe Falx cerebri:

What it seperates, attachments?

A

Separates right and left cerebral hemispheres
Attaches anteriorly to Crista Galli (of ethmoid bone)
Attaches posteriorly to tentorium cerebelli
(53)

42
Q

Describe Tentorium Cerebelli:

What it separates; what plane it’s in

A

B/t occipital lobes of the cerebrum and cerebellum

In the horizontal plane

43
Q

What does the Falx Cerebelli separate?

A

Two cerebellar hemispheres

44
Q

What is the name for the fold that forms a partial covering over the hypophyseal fossa and over the pituitary gland?

A

Diaphrama Sella
(Stem of the pituitary that penetrates this is the infundibulum)
(53)

45
Q

Which direction/where does the superior sagittal sinus drain?

A

Posteriorly into confluence of sinuses

46
Q

Which direction/where does the inferior sagittal sinus drain?

A

Into strait sinus w/ great cerebral v. of Galen

47
Q

Which direction/where does the occipital sinus drain?

A

Superiorly into confluence of sinuses

48
Q

Which direction/where does the transverse sinus drain?

A

From the confluence of sinuses along tentorium cerebelli. Becomes sigmoid sinus which drains into internal jugular foramen
(54)

49
Q

Where is the cavernous sinus found? What drains into it?

A

Each side of sphenoid bone. Receives drainage from brain, pituitary, and orbit
(54)

50
Q

How is cavernous sinus connected to transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus?

A

Transverse via Superior petrosal sinus
Sigmoid via Inferior petrosal sinus
(55)

51
Q

Which artery branches form the anterior, middle, and posterior meningeal arteries?

A 
Anterior = internal carotid
Middle = Maxillary 
Posterior = vertebral
52
Q

Which meningeal artery is largest with the widest distribution?

A

Middle meningeal artery

56

53
Q

Which type of veins of the cranium directly contact dural venous sinuses and veins outside the skull: Diploic or Emissary?

A

Emissary
Diploic veins are w/in the medullary (spongy bone) cavity of cranial bones
(57)

54
Q

What suspends cerebral vessels in the subarachnoid space?

A

Trabeculae

52

55
Q

Where is CSF found?

A

Subarachnoid space, Lumbar cistern

52, 61

56
Q

Which layer of cranial dura is the Spinal Dura continuous with?

A

Continuous with meningeal layer at foramen magnum

58

57
Q

What level segment does the dural sac end?

A

S2

58
Q

What are the two pia ligaments of the spinal cord?

A

Denticulate ligaments and Filum terminale

59

59
Q

What is the name for hte ligamentous slips along the length of the spinal dura that attach the dura to the PLL?

A

Hoffman’s ligaments (58)

60
Q

Where does subarachnoid space go from?

A

L1/2 - S2

61
Q

Where is CSF secreted?

A

Choroid plexus in brain

62

62
Q

Where does most CSF resorption occur?

A 
Arachnoid villi  (62)
Other resorption occurs at lymph vessels next to cranial nerves, and Spinal arachnoid villi (63)
63
Q

What makes up Batson’s plexus?

A

External and internal vertebral plexus’ of veins

64

64
Q

List the sequence of Batson’s plexus

A

Basovertebral veins (in vert. bodies) drain into Ant. and Post. veins drain into Spinal Veins drain into Segmental veins drain into

65
Q

What innervates ZP joints?

A

Medial dorsal primary rami

*ZP L3/L4 is innervated by L3/L2 n.

Gross Anatomy 2 (5 decks)

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