Quiz 2-4 Missed Questions Flashcards
Is cholecystitis or cholangitis more likely to present with elevated bilirubin?
Cholangitis
Mid-abdominal pain that moves to the RLQ is typical of what pathology?
Appendicitis
What should be done if asymptomatic gallstones are discovered?
Observe
Fewer than 25% of gallstones cause problems
What are two symptoms of ischemic colitis? What is the most common cause?
Sudden pain, hypoperfusion
Hypoperfusion of the SMA
Why are most cases of diverticular disease not true diverticulum?
They involve outpouchings of the mucosa and submucosa, but not the muscularis layer
What is another name for primary biliary cirrhosis?
Primary biliary cholangitis
Of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) which involves only intrahepatic bile ducts? Which involves intra and extrahepatic ducts?
PBC affects intrahepatic ducts only
PSC affects intra and extrahepatic ducts
Are women or men more likely to present with primary biliary cholangitis?
Women are 10x more likely than men to present with PBC
Are women or men more likely to present with primary sclerosing cholangitis?
Men are roughly 2x more likely than women to present with PSC
Is Crohn’s disease or Ulcerative colitis more likely to present with ileal fistula?
Chron’s disease
Eosinophillic esophagitis is likely to present with what notable physical finding?
Esophageal ring-like structures
Chronic reflux can result in a thickening of what layer of the lower esophagus?
The parabasal layer
T/F: Hepatic encephalopathy can include cerebral astrocyte edema
True
What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis?
Gallstones ( I GET SMASHED), but ethanol (alcohol) and idiopathic causes are also major
What is the most common cause of chronic pancreatitis?
Alcohol
What type of thyroid pathology is responsible for involving parafollicular cells in amyloid matrix? What is the effect on the body?
Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
Production of calcitonin, which usually has minimal effects but can lead to hypocalcemia in malignant cases
Children at a BMI at the 85-95% would be classified by what designation?
Overweight
Children at a BMI at the 95% are classified by what designation?
Obese
What is the etiology of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome? What are the expected lab values?
Adrenal hemorrhage ersulting in acute adrenal insufficiency
High ACTH, low adrenal hormone output
What effect of insulin is responsible for having a corrective effect on acidosis in a patient with DKA?
The effect on adipose lipolysis
Which hyperthyroid medication is teratogenic?
Methimazole
Does exogenous testosterone have an effect on sperm count?
Yes it can decrease sperm count
T/F: The sebaceous glands are stimulated by androgens and estrogens
False, the sebaceous glands are not stimulated by estrogens
What would multiple nodules on the ovaries, uterine serosa, and pelvic area be most indicative of?
Endometriosis
What is the pathology of cardiac failure in twin-twin syndrome?
The donor twin has an increase in CO and experiences cardiac failure from anemia
T/F: Gynecomastia can occur normally during puberty
True
What is the number one cause of post-partum hemorrhage?
Uterine atony
In a prostate biopsy, evidence of perineural invasion as well as single large nuclei in gland cells would be most indicative of what pathology?
Prostatic adenocarcinoma
Hypertrophy and trabeculation of the bladder would be most indicative of what pathology in a male?
BPH
What is the most common complication of a teratoma in women?
Ovarian torsion
A yellow, ovarian cystic structure encountered during pregnancy is most likely what?
A corpus luteal cyst
What hormone can be added to an HRT regimen for a woman in menopause to prevent endometrial cancer?
Progesterone
T/F: Progestins cause virilizing effects
False
