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Pharmacology > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical messengers, released in synaptic cleft

A

Neurotransmitters

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2
Q

Teams mates that work wogether

A

Agonists

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3
Q

Opponents that work against (blockers)

A

Antagonists

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4
Q

Mimic effect of a neurotransmitters of sympathetic system

A

Sympathomimetics

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5
Q

Inhibits (blockers of sympathetic system)

A

Sympathlytics

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6
Q

Activates/binds acetylcholine to M, N (receptors of Pans)

A

Cholinergic

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7
Q

Blocks acetycholine

A

Anticholinergic

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8
Q

CNS contains

A

Brain and spinal chord

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9
Q

PNS contains

A

Autonomic (ANS - involuntary, contains sympathetic (SANS) as parasympathetic (PANS)) and Somatic (SNS voluntary)

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10
Q

How fast do nerve impulses travel mph?

A

250mph

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11
Q 
Parts of nerve -
Cellular processes occur =
Extension or sending part =
Receptors are located = 
Where axon terminates =
A

Cell body
Axon
Dendrites
Axon terminal

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12
Q

Where is it located?
Preganglionic neuron:
Postganglionic neuron:

A

: before synaptic cleft

:after synaptic cleft

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13
Q

Where do neurons originate?

A

Thoracolumbar portion of the spin

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14
Q

What is responsible for stimulation of “rest and digest”

A

Parasympathetic dibision

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15
Q

What preforms these activites salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, defecation (sludd)

A

PNS

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16
Q

How do neurons communicate?

A

Neurotransmitters

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17
Q

What happens when neurotransmitters are broken down by enzymes?

A

They degrade into inactive metabolites

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18
Q

What is the purpose of the neurotransmitter?

A

To carry nerve impulses across the synapse

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19
Q

What is the function of SANS?

A

Fight or flight

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20
Q

Released from every preganglionic neuron, causes excitation of adrenergic postganglionic neurons and initiates synthesis/release of NE from most nerve terminals into synapse.

A

Acetylocholine

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21
Q

Diffuses across synapse and exerts its effect on the effector organ

A

Norepinephrine

22
Q

What is EPI and dopmamine an example of?

A

Principle catecholamines a.k.a “adrenergic”

23
Q

What are nerve fibers that secrete NE called?

A

Adrenergic neruons

24
Q

Are there post ganglionic fibers innervating adrenal medulla?

A

NO

25
Q

Secreted by adrenal gland, provides every to major muscles as a result of perceived threat. Most local anesthetics used in dentistry

A

Epinephrine a.k.a “adrenaline”

26
Q

What receptors are sensitive to adrenaline?

A

Adrenergic receptors on the heart.

27
Q

What are the two types of adrenergic receptors?

A

Alpha 1,2 and beta 1,2,3

28
Q

Which receptor is it?: Located on postganglionic blood vessels and smooth muscles, influences b.p and blood flow.

A

Alpha 1 receptor

29
Q

Which receptor is it?:
Located on post ganglionic neurons, called autoreceptors b/c activation causes inhibition of NE release, decreases insulin secretion, b.p, & eye secretion.

A

Alpha 2 receptor

30
Q

Which receptor is it?:

Located on cardiac tissue, produces heart stimulation leading to increased heart rate and contactility or strength.

A

Beta 1 receptor

31
Q

Which receptor is it?:
Located on smooth muscle of bronchioles, skeletal muscle, blood vessels to heart and kidneys. Activation causes relaxation of smooth muscle.

A

Beta 2 receptor

32
Q

Which receptor is it?:

Located on fat cells and produce break down of lipids

A

Beta 3 receptor

33
Q

Which receptor is primarily excitatory and which is primarily inhibitory?

A

Aplha - excitatory

Beta - inhibitory

34
Q

EPI in low concentrations in dentistry is selective for which receptors?

A

B receptors

35
Q

What causes secretion of saliva, tearing, bronchiole contraction and gut relaxation?

A

PANS

36
Q

What are the effects of dopamine deficiencies?

A

Parkinson’s, prone to addiction, increased b.p and heart rate.

37
Q

What are the effects of serotonin?

A

Self-confidence, sleepy, increased appetite.

38
Q

Protein that receive neurotransmitters released from vesicles on the axonal terminals of the neuron.

A

Receptors

39
Q

What are the only organs not innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

A

Sweat glands, smooth muscles of the hair follicles, the adrenal medulla and blood vessels of skin.

40
Q

What are the two types of cholinergic receptors?

A

Muscarinic receptors

Nicotinic receptors

41
Q

Where are muscarinic receptors located, what is it stimulated by?

A

Sweat glands, skeletal muscles, eyes, gut, penis, lung. Stimulated by ACh.

42
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors located, what is it stimulated by?

A

Skeletal muscle and CNS, stimulated by contraction of skeletal muscles and neurotransmission in the CNS.

43
Q

What produces serotonin, what are it’s effects?

A

Produced by: platelets, cells in GI tract, neurons.

Effect: platelet aggregation stim of GI motilitiy, vasocontriction, controlling sleep, pain, behavior and emtoions.

44
Q

What are the 4 categories of drugs?

A
  1. drugs that increase sympathetic system response.
  2. drugs that increase parasympathetic system response.
  3. drugs that block sympathetic system response.
  4. drugs that block parasympathetic system response.
45
Q

What is the function of sympathomimetics/adrenergic agonists?

A

They mimic/increase sympathetic response.

46
Q

Knowing the location/role of receptors will help you determine what?

A

The action of the drug.

47
Q

What is the function of sympatholytics?

A

Directly block the a and b adrenergic receptors on tissues resulting in decrease of sympathetic activity.

48
Q

Local dental anesthetics containing sympathomimetic vasoconstrictor (epinephring) should be used w/ precaution when clients take which drugs?

A

Cocaine abusers, amphetamins, or antidepressants results in toxic levels of EPI.

49
Q

How much is the max a cardiac client taking nonselective beta-blockers and/or antidepressants.

A

1:100,000 EPI.

50
Q

Which types of drugs are primarily used in the tx of xerostomia and alzheimer’s disease.

A

Cholinergic drugs

51
Q

What type of drugs are used to increase heart rate, motion sickness, irritable bowel syndrome, treat urinary incontinence?

A

Anticholingeric

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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