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Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical messengers, released in synaptic cleft

A

Neurotransmitters

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2
Q

Teams mates that work wogether

A

Agonists

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3
Q

Opponents that work against (blockers)

A

Antagonists

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4
Q

Mimic effect of a neurotransmitters of sympathetic system

A

Sympathomimetics

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5
Q

Inhibits (blockers of sympathetic system)

A

Sympathlytics

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6
Q

Activates/binds acetylcholine to M, N (receptors of Pans)

A

Cholinergic

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7
Q

Blocks acetycholine

A

Anticholinergic

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8
Q

CNS contains

A

Brain and spinal chord

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9
Q

PNS contains

A

Autonomic (ANS - involuntary, contains sympathetic (SANS) as parasympathetic (PANS)) and Somatic (SNS voluntary)

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10
Q

How fast do nerve impulses travel mph?

A

250mph

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11
Q 
Parts of nerve -
Cellular processes occur =
Extension or sending part =
Receptors are located = 
Where axon terminates =
A

Cell body
Axon
Dendrites
Axon terminal

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12
Q

Where is it located?
Preganglionic neuron:
Postganglionic neuron:

A

: before synaptic cleft

:after synaptic cleft

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13
Q

Where do neurons originate?

A

Thoracolumbar portion of the spin

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14
Q

What is responsible for stimulation of “rest and digest”

A

Parasympathetic dibision

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15
Q

What preforms these activites salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, defecation (sludd)

A

PNS

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16
Q

How do neurons communicate?

A

Neurotransmitters

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17
Q

What happens when neurotransmitters are broken down by enzymes?

A

They degrade into inactive metabolites

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18
Q

What is the purpose of the neurotransmitter?

A

To carry nerve impulses across the synapse

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19
Q

What is the function of SANS?

A

Fight or flight

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20
Q

Released from every preganglionic neuron, causes excitation of adrenergic postganglionic neurons and initiates synthesis/release of NE from most nerve terminals into synapse.

A

Acetylocholine

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21
Q

Diffuses across synapse and exerts its effect on the effector organ

A

Norepinephrine

22
Q

What is EPI and dopmamine an example of?

A

Principle catecholamines a.k.a “adrenergic”

23
Q

What are nerve fibers that secrete NE called?

A

Adrenergic neruons

24
Q

Are there post ganglionic fibers innervating adrenal medulla?

25
Secreted by adrenal gland, provides every to major muscles as a result of perceived threat. Most local anesthetics used in dentistry
Epinephrine a.k.a "adrenaline"
26
What receptors are sensitive to adrenaline?
Adrenergic receptors on the heart.
27
What are the two types of adrenergic receptors?
Alpha 1,2 and beta 1,2,3
28
Which receptor is it?: Located on postganglionic blood vessels and smooth muscles, influences b.p and blood flow.
Alpha 1 receptor
29
Which receptor is it?: Located on post ganglionic neurons, called autoreceptors b/c activation causes inhibition of NE release, decreases insulin secretion, b.p, & eye secretion.
Alpha 2 receptor
30
Which receptor is it?: | Located on cardiac tissue, produces heart stimulation leading to increased heart rate and contactility or strength.
Beta 1 receptor
31
Which receptor is it?: Located on smooth muscle of bronchioles, skeletal muscle, blood vessels to heart and kidneys. Activation causes relaxation of smooth muscle.
Beta 2 receptor
32
Which receptor is it?: | Located on fat cells and produce break down of lipids
Beta 3 receptor
33
Which receptor is primarily excitatory and which is primarily inhibitory?
Aplha - excitatory | Beta - inhibitory
34
EPI in low concentrations in dentistry is selective for which receptors?
B receptors
35
What causes secretion of saliva, tearing, bronchiole contraction and gut relaxation?
PANS
36
What are the effects of dopamine deficiencies?
Parkinson's, prone to addiction, increased b.p and heart rate.
37
What are the effects of serotonin?
Self-confidence, sleepy, increased appetite.
38
Protein that receive neurotransmitters released from vesicles on the axonal terminals of the neuron.
Receptors
39
What are the only organs not innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?
Sweat glands, smooth muscles of the hair follicles, the adrenal medulla and blood vessels of skin.
40
What are the two types of cholinergic receptors?
Muscarinic receptors | Nicotinic receptors
41
Where are muscarinic receptors located, what is it stimulated by?
Sweat glands, skeletal muscles, eyes, gut, penis, lung. Stimulated by ACh.
42
Where are nicotinic receptors located, what is it stimulated by?
Skeletal muscle and CNS, stimulated by contraction of skeletal muscles and neurotransmission in the CNS.
43
What produces serotonin, what are it's effects?
Produced by: platelets, cells in GI tract, neurons. | Effect: platelet aggregation stim of GI motilitiy, vasocontriction, controlling sleep, pain, behavior and emtoions.
44
What are the 4 categories of drugs?
1. drugs that increase sympathetic system response. 2. drugs that increase parasympathetic system response. 3. drugs that block sympathetic system response. 4. drugs that block parasympathetic system response.
45
What is the function of sympathomimetics/adrenergic agonists?
They mimic/increase sympathetic response.
46
Knowing the location/role of receptors will help you determine what?
The action of the drug.
47
What is the function of sympatholytics?
Directly block the a and b adrenergic receptors on tissues resulting in decrease of sympathetic activity.
48
Local dental anesthetics containing sympathomimetic vasoconstrictor (epinephring) should be used w/ precaution when clients take which drugs?
Cocaine abusers, amphetamins, or antidepressants results in toxic levels of EPI.
49
How much is the max a cardiac client taking nonselective beta-blockers and/or antidepressants.
1:100,000 EPI.
50
Which types of drugs are primarily used in the tx of xerostomia and alzheimer's disease.
Cholinergic drugs
51
What type of drugs are used to increase heart rate, motion sickness, irritable bowel syndrome, treat urinary incontinence?
Anticholingeric

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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