Quiz 2 Flashcards
Homozygous
A trait that has the same alleles
Heterozygous
A trait that has different alleles
Dominant
Trait that is most likely to occur
Recessive
A trait that must be homozygous to appear
Genotype
The combination of alleles for a trait (represented by a letter)
Phenotype
The physical description of the type
Monohybrid
A genetic problem looking at only one trait
Law of segregation
Alleles are separated during mitosis
Allele
A different form of gene
Hybrid
Heterozygous for a trait
True breeding
Homozygous for a trait
P Generation
Parent generation
F1 Generation
Offspring
Monohybrid crosses
Experiments done by Mendel where they crossed two true breeding peas that had the same trait but a differed form of the trait (tall and short stem), they only monitored one trait at a time
YY
Two capitals = Homozygous Dominant
Yy
One capital, one lowercase = Heterozygous Dominant
yy
Two lowercases = Homozygous Recessive
Punnet Square
Used to determine the genotype of the offspring
Test cross
A cross between an unknown genotype for a trait and an individual that is homozygous Recessive for that trait
Dihybrid crosses
-Looking at two traits at the same time
-Crosses two opposite true breeding plants
Dihybrid F1 generation
Always displays the dominant of both traits
Dihybrid F2 generation
-Has a mix of four phenotypes
-Ratio close to 9:3:3:1
Law of independent assortment
In dihybrid crossing when the two traits have no influence on one another
What was not discovered during Mendel’s experiment?
Meiosis and the existence of chromosones
Chromosone theory of inheritance
During gamete formation, alleles segregate just as homologous chromosomes do, and that the genes are carried on chromosones
