Psychology Test Flashcards
Psychology
-The scientific study of the human brain, mental processes, and behaviour
Psychologists
-Aim to describe, predict, and control behaviour and mental processes
Psychology careers
-Psychologist
-Therapist
-Teacher
-Police officer
-Social worker
Benefits of humanist education
Kids are happy and free of stress, learning at their own pace
Challenges of humanist education
Basic literacy, lack of discipline
Cognition
Mental processes in the brain
Bobo doll
People learn by watching
Lost in the mall
Brain created memories based on suggestion
Neuroscientist
Specializes in the study of the brain
EEG
Electrical activity in the brain
FMRI
blood flow, what’s being used
Frontal lobe
Controls problem solving, judgement and muscle movement
Amygdala
Response to emotion, memories, and fear
Temporal lobe
Primary auditory processing
Medulla
Heart rate, breathing, swallowing, digestion, and blood pressure
Teenage brain
Brain development occurs between 10-25, frontal lobe is the last part of the brain to develop
Sleep in terms
9 Hours is ideal, why not: screen time, caffeine, every hour lost increases probability of depression and anxiety
Neuroplasticity
Brain is resiliant and adaptable due to injury or new hobbies/interests
Left brain
Communication, logic, maths, language, both sides work together every day
Right brain
Special awareness, visual imagery, facial recognition, both sides work together everyday
Pavlovs’s Experiment
Dog was salivating at the sight of food. Pavlov introduced a bell when giving the food so much that just the sound of the bell causes salivation
Operant conditioning
Learning using rewards and punishing to achieve desired behaviour
Classical condition example
UCS (unconditioned stimulus) Receiving food while bell is ringing —-> UCR (unconditioned response) salivating
CS (conditioned response) hearing a bell ringing —-> CR (conditioned response) salivating
Self actualization
To reach one’s potential only after basic physical and psychological needs are met
Hierarchy of needs
Physiological and safety needs, then belongingness, love, and esteem needs, finally self-actualization
Logotherapy
Helps the patients find the purpose or meaning of their life without using the medical side of mental health. People who can’t find meaning become depressed.
Client-centred therapy
Creates a warm, non-judgemental environment where feelings or thoughts can be expressed
Humanist education
Students encouraged to take responsibility for their learning, students learn best in a non-threatening enviroment
Dream theme: Falling
Serenity and the act of letting go, something out of control in life
Dream theme: Death
End of one thing to make way for something new
Dream theme: Flying
How much control do we have in life
Lucid dreaming
Aware you are dreaming while still asleep allowing you to control the dreams narrative
Sleep paralysis
Temporary state of paralysis that occurs when someone regains consciousness while falling asleep or waking
REM sleep disorder
Act out dreams, aggressiveness, kicking, screaming
How to find if someone is sleeping
Wake and ask
Why do people not dream
Damage to pariental lobe, strokes, poor quality of sleep, keep waking up
Purpose of dreams
Maintain mental health, seeking solutions
How can dreams help solve problems
Think what we want to dream about to find the answer, think outside the box
Feminine Psychology
Issues unique to females
Analytical Psychology
Balancing your psyche allows you to reach your full potential
The two parts of the unconscious
Personal: Unique to the individual
Collective: Shared memories inherited from ancestors
Psychoanalysis
Belief of unlocking the unconscious mind is the key to understanding human behaviour and relationships
Behaviour Psychology
Belief in the importance of studying observable behaviour
Human Psychology
Belief in studying the person as a whole belief that the client should be involved in the recovery
Cognitive psychology
Study and application of how the brain learns: study of the mental processes (thinking, reasoning, memory)
Free association
Method used in psychoanalysis where the psychologist says a word and the patient says the first word that comes to mind
Id (devil)
Instinctual, impulsive, part of the mind (unconscious)
Ego (referee)
Rational part of the mind (conscious)
Superego (angel)
Moral centre of the mind (both conscious and unconscious)
Freudian slip
Verbal or memory mistake believed to be linked to the unconscious mind
Sigmund Freud
Discovered important facts about the unconscious mind, developed new science of psychoanalysis, most famous psychiatrist in the world by the 1920’s
The basis of psychotherapy
Talking treatment
Inkblots
Patients showed a meaningless image and their mind tried to come up with a meaning
Dream analysis
Dreams represented something meaningful rather than being random thoughts
Schizophrenia
Ventricles enlarge, thinning the frontal lobe
Symptoms: auditory and visual hallucinations
Addiction
Drugs mimic neurotransmitters (dopamine)
TBI (traumatic brain injury)
Caused by something outside the body (car accident), causes headaches, depression, inability to learn
Concussions
Sudden blow to head or body, or when violently shaken, causes headaches, dizziness, balance and coordination problems
CTE
Brain degeneration caused by repetitive trauma
Personality
An individuals pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Psychometric
Uses questionnares and tests to measure personality
Extroverted (E) vs Introverted (I)
E gets energy from others, I gets energy from being alone
Introversion
Think before acting, online social networks for communication
Perfectionism
Set high expectations, overly critical during failure, never happy, anxiety and depression
Great leader
Know yourself, know your teammates
Who initiated psychological assessments
Freud
Identity
The you that you see
Reputation
The you that society thinks you are
Dark side
Stress, guards are down, insecure
Bright side
Person strengths, advance a career, public persona
It requires a lot of willpower to change your personality
Openess (Telison)
High, bullied, sad, lonely, expressive creative
Extroversion (James)
High, centre of attention, talks a lot, loves to go outside
Motivation
Intrinsic: Comes from within, wanting to get better
Extrinsic: Desire to perform due to external factors, punishment and reward
Respect for the dignity of persons
Informed consent
Responsible caring
No physical or mental harm
Responsibility to society
Knowledge of the culture before beginning to work
Little Albert
Classical conditioning, liked white fluffy objects but when scared by a noise it made him scared of the objects
Stanford prison experiment
University students recruited and split into prisoners and guards, guards got increasingly more aggressive and the prisoners got submissive
Milgrim Study
Obedience study, volunteer teacher told to administer shocks of increasing voltage to the learner (actor) when they got the answer wrong
