Quiz 2 Flashcards
a multistep procedure that involves a variety of stains and other chemicals that may interact with other compounds found in tissues to change the results.
HISTOLOGIC STAINS
Tissue components that stain with basic dyes are referred to as
Basophilic
Tissue components that stain with acid dyes are referred to as
Acidophilic
Acidic dyes have a net __________ and bind to components of cells and tissues that are ____________.
negative charge
positively charged
Basic dyes have a net ________ and bind to components of cells and tissues that are _________
positive charge
negatively charged
________ is a positively charged, ________ complex that stains basophilic structures.
Hematoxylin
blue dye
_______ is a negatively charged, ________ that stains acidophilic structures.
Eosin
pink dye
Staining pattern of Heterochromatin:
Tightly packed form of DNA.
Nuclei stain uniformly and intensely with hematoxylin.
Indicative of a cell with low transcriptional activity.
Staining pattern of Euchromatin
Lightly packed form of DNA.
Nuclei show random clumps of hematoxylin staining mostly at the periphery of the nucleus and the nucleolus.
indicative of cells with high transcriptional activity.
Is used to describe a group of cells that are similar in structure and perform a specific function.
Tissue
Collection of several types of tissues that structurally forms a working unit to perform a particular function.
Organ
Refers to the sheets of cells that cover the exterior surfaces of the body.
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Binds the cells and organs of the body together and functions in the protection, support, and integration of all parts of the body.
CONNECTIVE TISSUES
Is excitable, responding to stimulation and contracting to provide movement.
MUSCLE TISSUE
Three major types of Muscle Tissue:
Skeletal muscle- voluntary
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Is excitable, allowing the propagation of electrochemical signals in the form of nerve impulses that communicate between different regions of the body.
NERVOUS TISSUE
Tissue: Epithelial
Cells:
Extracellular Matrix:
Main Functions:
Cells: Aggregated polyhedral cells
Extracellular Matrix: Small amount
Main Functions: Lining of surface or body cavities; glandular secretion
Tissue: Connective
Cells:
Extracellular Matrix:
Main Functions:
Cells: Several Types of fixed and wandering cells
Extracellular Matrix: Abundant amount
Main Functions: Support and protection of tissues/ organs
Tissue: Muscle
Cells:
Extracellular Matrix:
Main Functions:
Cells: Elongated contractile cells
Extracellular Matrix: Moderate amount
Main Functions: Strong contraction; body movements
Tissue: Nervous
Cells:
Extracellular Matrix:
Main Functions:
Cells: Elongated cells with extremely fine processes
Extracellular Matrix: Very small amount
Main Functions: Transmission of nerve impulses
Have the appearance of thin scales
Nuclei tend to be flat, horizontal, elliptical, mirroring the form of the cell
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
The nucleus of the box-like cell appears round and is generally located near the center of the cell.
Are active in the secretion and absorption of molecules.
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
The nucleus of the tall column-like cells tends to be elongated and located in the basal end of the cells.
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
Nuclei of neighboring cells appear at different levels rather than clustered in the basal end.
The arrangement gives the appearance of stratification. All cells are in contact with the basal lamina, although some do not reach the apical surface.
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
Cell: Simple squamous epithelium
Location:
Function:
Location:Air sacs of lungs and the lining of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
Function: Allows materials to pass through by diffusion and filtration, and secretes lubricating substance
Cell: Simple cuboidal epithelium
Location:
Function:
Location: In ducts and secretory portions of small glands and in kidney tubules
Function: Secretes and absorbs
Cell: Simple columnar epithelium
Location:
Function:
Location: Ciliated tissues are in bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus;
smooth (non ciliated tissues) are in the digestive tract, bladder
Function: Absorbs; it also secretes mucous and enzymes
Cell: Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Location:
Function:
Location: Ciliated tissue lines the trachea and much of the upper respiratory tract
Function: Secretes mucus; ciliated tissue moves mucus
Is the most common type of stratified epithelium in the human body.
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL
Stratified squamous epithelial cells’ top layer may be covered with dead cells filled with
keratin
The apical cells are cuboidal.
The basal layer contains either columnar or cuboidal cells.
Rarely found in the human body.
STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIAL
The apical cells are columnar.
The basal layer contains either columnar or cuboidal cells.
Rarely found in the human body.
STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIAL
Cell: Stratified squamous epithelium
Location:
Function:
Location: Lines the esophagus, mouth, and vagina
Function: Protects against abrasion
Cell: Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Location:
Function:
Location: Sweat glands, salivary glands, and the mammary glands
Function: Protective tissue
Cell: Stratified columnar epithelium
Location:
Function:
Location: The male urethra and the ducts of some glands
Function: Secretes and protects
Cell: Transitional epithelium
Location:
Function:
Location: Lines the bladder, urethra, and the ureters
Function: Allows the urinary organs to expand and stretch
Connective Tissue transports ______, _______, ________, and __________ is ensured by __________
fluid
nutrients
waste
chemical messengers
lymph
Connective Tissue stores energy in the form of _____ and contribute to the_________ of the body is ensured by the ______
fat
thermal insulation
Adipose
Connective Tissue defends the body from microorganisms is ensured by ______
blood
Connective Tissue Proper
-
-
-
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
Regular
Irregular
Supportive Connective Tissue
-
-
-
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic
Compact Bone
Cancellous Bone
Fluid Connective Tissue
Blood
Lymph
Tissue: Skeletal
Histology:
Function:
Location:
Histology: Long cylindrical fiber; striated, many peripherally-located nuclei
Function: Voluntary movement; thermogenesis, organ protection
Location: Attached to bones; found around entrance points to body (e.g mouth, anus)
Tissue: Cardiac
Histology:
Function:
Location:
Histology: Short, branched fibres; striated; single central nucleus
Function: Contracts to pump blood
Location: Heart Walls
Tissue: Smooth
Histology:
Function:
Location:
Histology: Short, spindle-shaped fibres, no evident striation, single nucleus
Function: Involuntary. movement, moves material through digestive tract and ducts, regulates blood flow in arteries
Location: Walls of major organs and passageways
Excitable and capable of sending and receiving electrochemical signals that provide the body with information.
NERVOUS TISSUE
propagate information via electrochemical impulses called action potentials.
Neuron
play an essential role in supporting neurons and modulating their information in propagation.
Neuroglia
