Quiz 2 Flashcards
Why is serum plasma used from someone with multiple myeloma?
The immunoglobulin components migrate as a single peak because they result from the malignant transpormation
What is Bence jones protein?
dimers of immunoglobulin K or lambda light chains
What confers the antigen specificity in immunoglobulins?
The variable heavy and light chain (Vh, VL)
Which chromosome are the light chains found on?
The kappa chain is located on chromosome 2, the lambda chain is located on chromosome 22
Which chromosome is the heavy chain found?
Chromosome 14
What encodes the constant region of the Ig heavy chain?
Mu, gamma, alpha, epsilon, delta
Which is the first antibody produced by and expressed on the surface of a B cell?
IgM
Which antibody can be found in an pentamer in the blood?
IgM
What are the effector activities of IgM
-Complement activation via classical, neutralization, agglutination
Which is the 1st secreted antibody during primary immune response?
IgM
Which is the major immunoglobulin in blood and by plasma to tissues?
IgG
What are the effector activities of IgG
activates complement via classical, opsonization, neutralizes, IgG crosses plasma, half life 21 days
What is the major immunoglobulin found in the plasma during secondary immune response
IgG
Which immunoglobulin is found in serum and secretions?
IgA
How is IgA found?
monomeric, dimeric, and in secretions
Which immunoglobulin is found at very low levels in the blood?
IgE
What are the effector activities of IgE
mas cell and basophil degranulation, defense against helminthic parasites, associated with allergies
Which is the antigen-binding region of the antibody?
Paratope - region of the antibody that contacts the antigenic epitope, composed of hypervariable regions
What enzyme takes nucleotides that are not part of germ-line genes and adds them randomly to the sites of V(d)J recombination
terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT)
What is somatic hypermutation?
The nucleotides in the hypervariable regions of both the light and heavy chain undergo a very high rate of mutation
What is affinity maturation?
the binding affinity of antibodies generally increase with prolonged or repeated exposure
What immuglobulins are expressed on naive B cells (prior to antigen?)
IgM, IgD
Which immuglobulin undergoes isotype switching?
IgM to IgG/IgA/IgE
What are the secondary lymphoid organs?
Spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues
What classifies a mature B cell?
(Naive to antive) naive B cells express BCRs of IgM and IgD by alternative RNA splicing with the same V region and same antigenic specificity.
What characterizes pro B cell?
the heavy chain rearrangment VDJ
what characterizes a pre b cell?
a heavy chain is synthesized and tested for antigen specificity, the kappa light chain is rearranged, then lambda chain is rearranged. if neither lambda or kappa is functional, the cell dies
