Quiz 2

Question 1

True or False: A psychology major who automatically favors psychology majors over other majors has succumbed to the ingroup-outgroup bias.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

True or False: Collectivists receive fulfillment from carrying out their duties, roles, and responsibilities

Answer 2

True

Question 3

True or False: Baumeister and Leary maintain that the need to belong causes people to seek out and maintain relationships with others.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

True or False: When people are alone, they feel loneliness.

Answer 4

False

Question 5

True or False: People, when excluded by a group, tend to rate the group more positively than people who are accepted by the group.

Answer 5

False

Question 6

True or False: Collectivists make decisions based on social norms and compromises.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

True or False: Collectivists emphasize respect for authority figures.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True or False: Individualists think of themselves as independent and free from group influence.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True or False: Collectivistic societies put the group and its members before the individual.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

True or False: Individualistic societies stress the needs of the individual first.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or False: Women are more likely to join smaller, more supportive groups than men.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

True or False: When researchers studied college students who did and did not join groups in college, they discovered that positive experiences in groups in high school were a key predictor of joining groups in college.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

True or False: Social comparison is a method of reducing uncertainty by comparing oneself to others.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

True or False: Groups provide emotional, technical, and approval support but are unable to provide instrumental support.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

True or False: In general, upward social comparisons lower self-esteem and downward social comparisons increase self-esteem.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

True or False: Self-evaluation model states that to protect self-esteem, people tend to avoid those who outperform them in areas closely that are self-relevant.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

True or False: The complementary principle states that individuals who are not complimented, or otherwise made to feel appreciated, will eventually tire and leave the group.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

True or False: The similarity principle is the tendency for people to prefer the company of those who are like themselves.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

True or False: The reciprocity principle and the minimax principle both focus on the exchanges that occur between group members.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

True or False: People raised in Western cultures, such as the U.S. and England, do not seek out close relationships with other people.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Which of the following people is most likely to NOT suffer due to exclusion from a group?

A. An explorer who is cut off from human contact during his/her adventures.

B. An individual who is shunned.

C. A person who is ostracized from a computer-based group.

D. An individual who seeks self-discovery or spirituality through isolation.

Answer 21

D. An individual who seeks self-discovery or spirituality through isolation.

Question 22

Cynthia is distressed because she has no best friend or lover, whereas Andrew suffers because he has few friends or acquaintances. Cynthia is experiencing ___ and Andrew is experiencing ___.

A. group loneliness; dyadic loneliness

B. downward social comparison; upward social comparison

C. emotional loneliness; social loneliness

D. love deprivation; social deprivation

Answer 22

C. emotional loneliness; social loneliness

Question 23

Alan has just moved into the dormitory and does not know anyone else there. Even though he sees his girlfriend on weekends, he still feels unhappy and cut off from other people. Alan is experiencing

A. ostracism.
B. social loneliness.
C. emotional loneliness.
D. social phobia.

Answer 23

B. social loneliness.

Question 24

An evolutionary perspective on groups assumes that ______.

A. seeking membership in groups by humans developed through evolution.

B. helping other people is rarely adaptive.

C. humans acquire their social tendencies through learning and experience.

D. the fittest animal is the one that is most aggressive.

Answer 24

A. seeking membership in groups by humans developed through evolution.

Question 25

Which statement is consistent with an evolutionary view of groups?

A. In most societies, humans tend toward individuality rather than sociality.

B. Protracted periods of social isolation have no effect on humans.

C. Evidence suggests that cooperative group life is a more evolutionary stable strategy than competition and individualism.

D. Studies show that human infants must be taught to form attachments to other humans, including their parents.

Answer 25

C. Evidence suggests that cooperative group life is a more evolutionary stable strategy than competition and individualism.

Question 26

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Collectivists make decisions based on social norms and compromises.

B. Individualists make decisions based on their attitudes, beliefs, and preferences.

C. Collectivists emphasize respect for authority figures.

D. Individualists actively avoid disagreement and dissent within the group

Answer 26

D. Individualists actively avoid disagreement and dissent within the group

Question 27

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Collectivistic societies put the group and its members before the individual.

B. Individualists think of themselves as independent and free from group influence.

C. Although quite different, individualists and collectivists have similar relationship orientations.

D. Individualistic societies stress the needs of the individual first.

Answer 27

C. Although quite different, individualists and collectivists have similar relationship orientations.

Question 28

The concept of collectivism assumes the self ______.

A. is a collection of individual components.

B. is based on our group’s definition of who we are.

C. contains memories and qualities that are collected during our lifetimes.

D. is partly based on membership in groups.

Answer 28

D. is partly based on membership in groups.

Question 29

Ed tends toward collectivism rather than individualism. He will likely ______.

A. describe himself in terms of roles and relations rather than personal attributes.

B. live in the U.S. rather than an Asian country.

C. express a lack of respect for authorities.

D. describe himself as critical, extraverted, and intelligent rather than a family man.

Answer 29

A. describe himself in terms of roles and relations rather than personal attributes.

Question 30

Who is most likely to describe themselves in these terms: “I am friendly, hard-working, and like to watch TV”?

A. an individualist (idiocentric) person

B. a person raised in Japan

C. a collectivist (allocentric) person

D. a woman

Answer 30

A. an individualist (idiocentric) person

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT one of the dimensions of personality in the Big Five theory?

A. assertiveness
B. conscientiousness
C. agreeableness
D. openness to experience

Answer 31

A. assertiveness

Question 32

Which of the following statements is true?

A. We grow to dislike people who we are exposed to repeatedly.

B. Liking tends to be reciprocal: We like people who like us.

C. When group members have opposite qualities (e.g., X is outgoing and Y is shy), their groups tend to be cohesive and long-lasting.

D. A surprisingly large number of people prefer to join groups that punish rather than reward them.

Answer 32

B. Liking tends to be reciprocal: We like people who like us.

Question 33

Dale, who is outgoing but not exceptionally bright, is best friends with Chip, who is a straight “A” student but rather shy. Their relationship supports the ___ hypothesis.

A. balance
B. reward
C. complementarity
D. similarity

Answer 33

C. complementarity

Question 34

Which of the following statements is false?

A. Individuals are attracted to people with dissimilar attitudes.

B. Exposure to a stimulus tends to increase our liking for that stimulus.

C. Individuals tend to associate with people who like them.

D. People tend to form groups with people who just happen to be nearby.

Answer 34

A. Individuals are attracted to people with dissimilar attitudes

Question 35

Mike notes that Melinda is in a better financial situation than he is right now. This leaves him feeling depressed but also motivates him to start working harder. Mike is engaging in ___ social comparison.

A. upward
B. downward
C. enabling
D. motivational

Answer 35

A. upward

Question 36

Denise thought the test was easy, but she was not sure. So, after she turns in her paper she talks to her friends to see what they thought about the test. Denise’s actions best illustrate ______.

A. the social comparison processes.
B. need for affiliation.
C. need for power.
D. need for intimacy.

Answer 36

A. the social comparison processes.

Question 37

I value my relationships with others and spend time maintaining them. When asked to take pictures that say “who I am,” I tend to include pictures of myself with other people. I prefer smaller, more intimate groups to larger, more formal ones. I am likely

A. a man.
B. preoccupied in my attachment style.
C. a woman.
D. introverted.

Answer 37

C. a woman.

Question 38

I try to work my way into the leadership positions and I enjoy exercising my authority over other people. I am ______.

A. high in need for power.
B. low in expressed affection.
C. high in conscientiousness.
D. high in need for affiliation.

Answer 38

A. high in need for power.

Question 39

I feel tense and uncomfortable around people, and I worry people are always judging me. I get “butterflies” when I must meet new people and worry that I will say something dumb or insulting. I am _____.

A. low in self-esteem.
B. socially anxious (shy).
C. low in need for affiliation.
D. a high self-monitor.

Answer 39

B. socially anxious (shy).

Question 40

Will describes himself as warm, sympathetic, and not at all critical or quarrelsome. Will is high in ______.

A. agreeableness
B. neuroticism.
C. conscientiousness.
D. openness to experience.

Answer 40

A. agreeableness