Quiz 1 Flashcards
True or False: A group is two or more individuals who are connected to one another by and within social relationships.
True
True or False: By definition, groups involve face-to-face interaction, so online gatherings are not true groups.
True
True or False: Group members’ actions are guided by their role within the group as well as consensual standards called norms
True
True or False: Individuals often identify with a group that they belong to but not with the social categories to which they belong
False
True or False: Lewin developed the theory that beliefs about a group are a function of the people in that group and the group’s entitativity, or B = f (P, E).
False
True or False: Hawthorne effects are less likely when researchers use covert observational methods
True
True or False: Online groups cannot be studied using observational methods because their interactions take place in virtual reality.
False
True or False: According to systems theory, specifically the input-process-output model, groups take in external data, process the information, and then generate a response
True
True or False: Although most people enjoy the company of others for limited periods of time, it is generally accepted that human beings are individualistic and private by nature.
False
True or False: Having lonely friends might also make a person lonely.
True
True or False: In collectivism, the needs of the individual are emphasized, as individuals need to collect primary resources to survive and reproduce
False
True or False: Collectivistic cultures are competitive by nature and shun people who do not do their personal best.
True
True or False: According to Simmel, groups come in a staggering assortment of shapes and sizes, from dyads (two members) and triads (three members) to huge crowds, mobs, and assemblies.
True
True or False: The relations that link the members of groups are of kinship only.
False
True or False: According to the cognitive theory, group members are also living creatures whose responses are often shaped by physiological, genetic, and neurological characteristics.
False
True or False: The social exchange model is an economic model of interpersonal relationships that assumes individuals seek out relationships that offer them many rewards while exacting few costs.
True
True or False: Loneliness is the same as being alone.
False
True or False: According to the sociometer theory, self-esteem provides feedback about their degree of inclusion in groups
True
True or False: People behave differently when they are part of a group rather than alone.
True
True or False: According to the motivational perspective, wants, needs, and other psychological processes that energize behavior and determine the form, intensity, and duration of joining groups.
True
Which of the following statements is true?
A. Many people live their entire lives without being a part of a group.
B. Ancient people were more individualistic rather than group-centered.
C. Very little is known about groups and their processes.
D. Studies suggest that groups substantially influence their members.
D. Studies suggest that groups substantially influence their members.
Which of the following items is NOT a key element in the definition of a group?
A. two or more members
B. some type of bond that links the members to the group itself
C. members share some characteristic, such as eye color or date of birth
D. interpersonal connections among members
C. members share some characteristic, such as eye color or date of birth
You wish to understand a group’s composition. You should therefore study the _____.
A. relationships linking members to each other.
B. goals the group is seeking.
C. qualities of the members of the group.
D. group’s degree of cohesiveness.
C. qualities of the members of the group.
Which of the following is task focused rather than relationship focused?
A. asking the group members if they are happy with the decision
B. complimenting a group member after a presentation
C. offering a good solution to the problem the group face
D. feeling anger toward a coworker
C. offering a good solution to the problem the group face
The individualistic perspective is to the group perspective as ___ is to ___.
A. sociology; group dynamics
B. sociology; psychology
C. psychology; sociology
D. group dynamics; sociology
C. psychology; sociology
In Lewin’s formula B = f (P, E), P stands for ___ and E stands for ___.
A. person; evolution
B. past; environment
C. personality; external factors
D. person; environment
D. person; environment
According to a multi-level approach to groups, _______________.
A. most processes that seem to be group-level processes are determined by psychological mechanisms.
B. it is more important to understand group-level processes than individual-level processes.
C. group processes depend on individual, group, and cultural factors.
D. researchers should pinpoint the source of the process at its most basic level.
C. group processes depend on individual, group, and cultural factors.
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Collectivists emphasize respect for authority figures.
B. Individualists actively avoid disagreement and dissent within the group.
C. Collectivists make decisions based on social norms and compromises.
D. Individualists make decisions based on their attitudes, beliefs, and preferences.
B. Individualists actively avoid disagreement and dissent within the group.
___ are a socially shared set of cognitive generalizations (e.g., beliefs and expectations) about the qualities and characteristics of the typical member of a group or social category.
A. Meta-contrasts
B. Social identifications
C. Stereotypes
D. Categorizations
C. Stereotypes
Liza considers James, Nadine, and Enrique as her best friends. According to Charles Horton Cooley, the group that Liza described is a ________ group.
A. Collectives
B. Secondary group
C. Primary group
D. Categories
C. Primary group
Dr. de Leon is studying classroom behavior among Generation Z. He informed the instructor as well as the students that he will be observing them in class. Which type of observation is most likely to be used by Dr. de Leon?
A. Interaction Process Analysis
B. Covert observation
C. Participant observation
D. Overt observation
D. Overt observation
Mr. Santos is studying college students’ tendency to have better memories for events related to their group of friends by asking the participants about college-related events. From which perspective does the study of Mr. Santos is MOST LIKELY to be related?
A. Behavior
B. Systems
C. Cognitive
D. Biological
C. Cognitive
Cia’s family believes that duty towards every family member is an important matter that should always be considered when making decisions. Which concept is exhibited by Cia’s family?
A. Collectivism
B. Individualism
C. Social groups
D. Social loafing
A. Collectivism
In the multi-level perspective, a complete explanation of group processes and phenomena requires multiple levels of analysis. When you analyze the whole College of Science community in the context of a certain group, which of the following factors are you MOST LIKELY analyzing?
A. Macro-level factor
B. Exo-level factor
C. Meso-level factor
D. Micro-level factor
A. Macro-level factor
The study of groups is called group dynamics because _____.
A. the impact of the leader is a major topic of study.
B. groups, once formed, rarely change.
C. the term underscores the importance of psychological processes.
D. the term notes the powerful processes that influence people in groups over time.
D. the term notes the powerful processes that influence people in groups over time.
The idea of entitativity suggests people will be referred to as a “group” if the aggregate ________.
A. is perceived to be a single, unified whole.
B. has only one goal.
C. is structured in some way.
D. is passive rather than dynamic.
A. is perceived to be a single, unified whole.
Some groups are more unified than others. These groups are ________.
A. cohesive
B. self-organizing
C. structured
D. entitative
A. cohesive
When asked to describe her team at ABCD Co, Susan explains “The norm is to eat lunch at your desk. Luisa is the team leader and Francis plays the role of the group’s motivator. Members have built good relationships with one another, but a small group of 4 members form a tight subgroup within the team.” Susan is describing the team’s _______.
A. unity
B. nature
C. structure
D. functionality
C. structure
In general, the interdependencies of members in groups are ________.
A. symmetric rather than asymmetric.
B. unequal rather than equal.
C. equal rather than unequal
D. Intermittent rather than continuous.
B. unequal rather than equal.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic types of groups?
A. Categories
B. Primary groups
C. Personal groups
D. Collectives
C. Personal groups
