Quiz 1

Question 1

True or False: A group is two or more individuals who are connected to one another by and within social relationships.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

True or False: By definition, groups involve face-to-face interaction, so online gatherings are not true groups.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

True or False: Group members’ actions are guided by their role within the group as well as consensual standards called norms

Answer 3

True

Question 4

True or False: Individuals often identify with a group that they belong to but not with the social categories to which they belong

Answer 4

False

Question 5

True or False: Lewin developed the theory that beliefs about a group are a function of the people in that group and the group’s entitativity, or B = f (P, E).

Answer 5

False

Question 6

True or False: Hawthorne effects are less likely when researchers use covert observational methods

Answer 6

True

Question 7

True or False: Online groups cannot be studied using observational methods because their interactions take place in virtual reality.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

True or False: According to systems theory, specifically the input-process-output model, groups take in external data, process the information, and then generate a response

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True or False: Although most people enjoy the company of others for limited periods of time, it is generally accepted that human beings are individualistic and private by nature.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

True or False: Having lonely friends might also make a person lonely.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or False: In collectivism, the needs of the individual are emphasized, as individuals need to collect primary resources to survive and reproduce

Answer 11

False

Question 12

True or False: Collectivistic cultures are competitive by nature and shun people who do not do their personal best.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

True or False: According to Simmel, groups come in a staggering assortment of shapes and sizes, from dyads (two members) and triads (three members) to huge crowds, mobs, and assemblies.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

True or False: The relations that link the members of groups are of kinship only.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

True or False: According to the cognitive theory, group members are also living creatures whose responses are often shaped by physiological, genetic, and neurological characteristics.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

True or False: The social exchange model is an economic model of interpersonal relationships that assumes individuals seek out relationships that offer them many rewards while exacting few costs.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

True or False: Loneliness is the same as being alone.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

True or False: According to the sociometer theory, self-esteem provides feedback about their degree of inclusion in groups

Answer 18

True

Question 19

True or False: People behave differently when they are part of a group rather than alone.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

True or False: According to the motivational perspective, wants, needs, and other psychological processes that energize behavior and determine the form, intensity, and duration of joining groups.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true?

A. Many people live their entire lives without being a part of a group.

B. Ancient people were more individualistic rather than group-centered.

C. Very little is known about groups and their processes.

D. Studies suggest that groups substantially influence their members.

Answer 21

D. Studies suggest that groups substantially influence their members.

Question 22

Which of the following items is NOT a key element in the definition of a group?

A. two or more members

B. some type of bond that links the members to the group itself

C. members share some characteristic, such as eye color or date of birth

D. interpersonal connections among members

Answer 22

C. members share some characteristic, such as eye color or date of birth

Question 23

You wish to understand a group’s composition. You should therefore study the _____.

A. relationships linking members to each other.

B. goals the group is seeking.

C. qualities of the members of the group.

D. group’s degree of cohesiveness.

Answer 23

C. qualities of the members of the group.

Question 24

Which of the following is task focused rather than relationship focused?

A. asking the group members if they are happy with the decision

B. complimenting a group member after a presentation

C. offering a good solution to the problem the group face

D. feeling anger toward a coworker

Answer 24

C. offering a good solution to the problem the group face

Question 25

The individualistic perspective is to the group perspective as ___ is to ___. A. sociology; group dynamics B. sociology; psychology C. psychology; sociology D. group dynamics; sociology

Answer 25

C. psychology; sociology

Question 26

In Lewin’s formula B = f (P, E), P stands for ___ and E stands for ___. A. person; evolution B. past; environment C. personality; external factors D. person; environment

Answer 26

D. person; environment

Question 27

According to a multi-level approach to groups, _______________. A. most processes that seem to be group-level processes are determined by psychological mechanisms. B. it is more important to understand group-level processes than individual-level processes. C. group processes depend on individual, group, and cultural factors. D. researchers should pinpoint the source of the process at its most basic level.

Answer 27

C. group processes depend on individual, group, and cultural factors.

Question 28

Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Collectivists emphasize respect for authority figures. B. Individualists actively avoid disagreement and dissent within the group. C. Collectivists make decisions based on social norms and compromises. D. Individualists make decisions based on their attitudes, beliefs, and preferences.

Answer 28

B. Individualists actively avoid disagreement and dissent within the group.

Question 29

___ are a socially shared set of cognitive generalizations (e.g., beliefs and expectations) about the qualities and characteristics of the typical member of a group or social category. A. Meta-contrasts B. Social identifications C. Stereotypes D. Categorizations

Answer 29

C. Stereotypes

Question 30

Liza considers James, Nadine, and Enrique as her best friends. According to Charles Horton Cooley, the group that Liza described is a ________ group. A. Collectives B. Secondary group C. Primary group D. Categories

Answer 30

C. Primary group

Question 31

Dr. de Leon is studying classroom behavior among Generation Z. He informed the instructor as well as the students that he will be observing them in class. Which type of observation is most likely to be used by Dr. de Leon? A. Interaction Process Analysis B. Covert observation C. Participant observation D. Overt observation

Answer 31

D. Overt observation

Question 32

Mr. Santos is studying college students’ tendency to have better memories for events related to their group of friends by asking the participants about college-related events. From which perspective does the study of Mr. Santos is MOST LIKELY to be related? A. Behavior B. Systems C. Cognitive D. Biological

Answer 32

C. Cognitive

Question 33

Cia’s family believes that duty towards every family member is an important matter that should always be considered when making decisions. Which concept is exhibited by Cia’s family? A. Collectivism B. Individualism C. Social groups D. Social loafing

Answer 33

A. Collectivism

Question 34

In the multi-level perspective, a complete explanation of group processes and phenomena requires multiple levels of analysis. When you analyze the whole College of Science community in the context of a certain group, which of the following factors are you MOST LIKELY analyzing? A. Macro-level factor B. Exo-level factor C. Meso-level factor D. Micro-level factor

Answer 34

A. Macro-level factor

Question 35

The study of groups is called group dynamics because _____. A. the impact of the leader is a major topic of study. B. groups, once formed, rarely change. C. the term underscores the importance of psychological processes. D. the term notes the powerful processes that influence people in groups over time.

Answer 35

D. the term notes the powerful processes that influence people in groups over time.

Question 36

The idea of entitativity suggests people will be referred to as a “group” if the aggregate ________. A. is perceived to be a single, unified whole. B. has only one goal. C. is structured in some way. D. is passive rather than dynamic.

Answer 36

A. is perceived to be a single, unified whole.

Question 37

Some groups are more unified than others. These groups are ________. A. cohesive B. self-organizing C. structured D. entitative

Answer 37

A. cohesive

Question 38

When asked to describe her team at ABCD Co, Susan explains “The norm is to eat lunch at your desk. Luisa is the team leader and Francis plays the role of the group’s motivator. Members have built good relationships with one another, but a small group of 4 members form a tight subgroup within the team.” Susan is describing the team’s _______. A. unity B. nature C. structure D. functionality

Answer 38

C. structure

Question 39

In general, the interdependencies of members in groups are ________. A. symmetric rather than asymmetric. B. unequal rather than equal. C. equal rather than unequal D. Intermittent rather than continuous.

Answer 39

B. unequal rather than equal.

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic types of groups? A. Categories B. Primary groups C. Personal groups D. Collectives

Answer 40

C. Personal groups