Quiz 2

Question 1

What is a trait

Answer 1

A specific characteristic or feature exhibited by an organism

Question 2

Genes

Answer 2

Control the traits of an organism

Question 3

Homozygous

Answer 3

An organism with two identical alleles

Question 4

Phenotype

Answer 4

The physical and physiological trait

Question 5

Genotype

Answer 5

The combination of alleles of an organism

Question 6

Heterozygous

Answer 6

An organism with two different alleles of a gene

Question 7

Mendel’s Law

Answer 7

Traits are controlled by dominant alleles

Question 8

Law of Dominance

Answer 8

One allele is dominant and the other is recessive

Question 9

Law of Segregation
(Mendelian Law)

Answer 9

Traits are determined by pairs of alleles that segregate during meiosis so that each gamete receives one allele

Question 10

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 10

A condition in which either allele for a gene completely conceals the presence of the other, resulting in the intermediate expression of a trait

Question 11

Codominance

Answer 11

The condition in which both alleles for a trait are equally expressed,

Question 12

Blood

Answer 12

Keeps the body in homeostasis, circulates nutrients and hormones, removes waste, transports oxygen and carbon dioxide, clots to prevent blood loss

Question 13

The four parts of blood:

Answer 13

The red blood cell, white blood cell, platelets, plasma
rbc: transport oxygen
wbc: fights off diseases
plat: adhere to wounds
plas: 90% water, electrolytes, proteins and antibodies

Question 14

4 Blood types

Answer 14

A,AB,B,O
AB can accept all
O can give to all
O can only accept O

Question 15

Common alleles for blood

Answer 15

IA, IB, i

Question 16

How many chromosomes do humans have

Answer 16

23 pairs

Question 17

Of those pairs of chromosomes, how are they split up

Answer 17

22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome (pair)

Question 18

Autosomal Inheritance

Answer 18

The inheritance of traits determined by the genes o the autosomal chromosomes

Question 19

Autosomal dominant

Answer 19

A genetic disorder occurs when the disease causing allele is dominant

Question 20

Autosomal dominant disorder

Answer 20

Genetic disorder occurs when the disease causing allele is recessive, the individual needs both copies

Question 21

Autosomal recessive disorder

Answer 21

Only homozygous recessive, but healthy people can be carriers

Question 22

X&Y Chromosomes are not homologous

Answer 22

X chromosome has 2000 genes, Y chromosome has less than 100

Question 23

Pleiotropy

Answer 23

Genes that control multiple unrelated traits

Question 24

Lethality

Answer 24

If one allele is non functional or abnormal, can cause the organism to die

Question 25

Epistasis

Answer 25

When the interaction between genes is antagonistic such that one gene masks or interferes with the expression of another, fe. albino: overrides the dominant skin colour

Question 26

Friedrich Misecher

Answer 26

Discovered a compound called nuclein (later known as DNA)

Question 27

Joachim Hammerling

Answer 27

Determined where the hereditary material was found

Question 28

Phoebus Levene

Answer 28

discovered that DNA had three main components, phosphate group, pentose sugar, nitrogen base: A nucleotide

Question 29

Watson and Crick

Answer 29

Put together info, stole Rosalind Franklin's x-ray, won the Nobel peace prize, widely accepted model of DNA