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Med Surg 1 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What confirms a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis?

A

productive cough for 3 months for at least 2 years

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2
Q

What will help loosen thick secretions and facilitate expectoration?

A

drinking 2-3L of water daily

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3
Q

What is the nutrition for a patient with COPD?

A

soft high-calorie foods
limit water intake with meals

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4
Q

How will a nurse teach a patient how to do pursed-lip breathing?

A
  1. take a breath in through the nose and out through the lips/mouth
  2. do not puff the cheeks
  3. take breaths deep and slow
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5
Q

What are proper interventions for patients with COPD?

A

Walk 15-20 minutes daily at least 3x/week

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6
Q

What is normal oxygen saturation for COPD patients?

A

88-92% or better

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7
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis?

A
  • persistent cough that lasts longer than 3 weeks
  • lethargy
  • weight loss
  • purulent sputum
  • night sweats/low grade fever
  • dyspnea (late)
  • hemoptysis (late)
    (coughing up blood)
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8
Q

What is the combination therapy for TB?

A

RIP to TB

rifampin
isoniazid
pyrazinamide

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9
Q

What are the side effects of rifampin?

A
  • red-colored urine
  • joint pain or swelling
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10
Q

How long is the treatment for TB? What should a pt avoid while on this treatment?

A

6-9 month tx

avoid alc and tyramine foods

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11
Q

What screening tool will be the most reliable to confirm active infection/diagnosis of pulmonary TB?

A

sputum culture for acid-fast bacillus

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12
Q

What are significant side effects of ethambutol?

A

optic neuritis
vision loss
loss of color discrimination

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13
Q

What should be done when a pt is taking ethambutol?

A
  • baseline vision testing before use
  • monitor visual activity
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14
Q

What are the risk factors of pneumonia?

A

old age
immunosuppression
sedation/opioid use
tobacco use
enteral tube feeding
chronic lung disease
mechanical ventilation
postop
prolonged immobility
no pneumococcal/flu vaccine

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15
Q

What is an expected finding for an older adult who has pneumonia?

A

confusion due to hypoxemia

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16
Q

When using beclomethasone (glucocorticoids) by a metered dose inhaler, what should the patient do? Why?

A

rinse mouth after administration because fungal overgrowth in mouth can occur

17
Q

What is a side effect of fluticasone/salmeterol?

A

white coating in mouth
(oropharyngeal candidiasis)

18
Q

What is an indicator that therapy is effective during an asthma attack?

A

oxygen sat >90%

19
Q

If a patient is underweight, what can be done to increase calorie intake?

A

eating small amounts more often

20
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of emphysema?

A

main:
dyspnea
barrel chest
clubbing of fingers

shallow/rapid RR
wheezes
weight loss
fatigue

21
Q

What should the nurse instruct the client to avoid when taking theophylline? Why?

A

caffeine
it can increase CNS stimulation

22
Q

What leads to the breakdown of bone tissue? What does this result in?

A

prolonged immobility
results in increased calcium excretion

23
Q

How does albuterol help patients?

A
  • provides rapid relief of acute asthma attack
  • prevents exercise induced asthma
  • prevents wheezing
  • opens airway
  • decreases coughing episodes
24
Q

What should be done first for a patient who is hypoxic and has COPD?

A

initiate oxygen therapy to increase oxygen saturation

25
Q

What should a nurse do if a patient is receiving supplemental oxygen at more than 4L/min via nasal cannula? Why?

A

attach a humidifier bottle to the base of the flow meter

to keep mucous membranes moist, O2 can dry it out

26
Q

If a patient is on their right side in trendelenburg, what will this do?

A

help mobilize secretions from the lateral segment of the right lower lobe

27
Q

What does good oral hygiene do?

A

decreases bacteria in the mouth that can result in aspiration pneumonia

28
Q

When should bronchodilators be taken? Why?

A

before meals
to reduce SOB

29
Q

What will a nurse do if a patient who is having an asthma attack develops bradycardia and a decrease in wheezing?

A

notify the provider

Med Surg 1 (10 decks)

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