Quiz 2 Flashcards
What confirms a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis?
productive cough for 3 months for at least 2 years
What will help loosen thick secretions and facilitate expectoration?
drinking 2-3L of water daily
What is the nutrition for a patient with COPD?
soft high-calorie foods
limit water intake with meals
How will a nurse teach a patient how to do pursed-lip breathing?
- take a breath in through the nose and out through the lips/mouth
- do not puff the cheeks
- take breaths deep and slow
What are proper interventions for patients with COPD?
Walk 15-20 minutes daily at least 3x/week
What is normal oxygen saturation for COPD patients?
88-92% or better
What are the clinical manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis?
- persistent cough that lasts longer than 3 weeks
- lethargy
- weight loss
- purulent sputum
- night sweats/low grade fever
- dyspnea (late)
- hemoptysis (late)
(coughing up blood)
What is the combination therapy for TB?
RIP to TB
rifampin
isoniazid
pyrazinamide
What are the side effects of rifampin?
- red-colored urine
- joint pain or swelling
How long is the treatment for TB? What should a pt avoid while on this treatment?
6-9 month tx
avoid alc and tyramine foods
What screening tool will be the most reliable to confirm active infection/diagnosis of pulmonary TB?
sputum culture for acid-fast bacillus
What are significant side effects of ethambutol?
optic neuritis
vision loss
loss of color discrimination
What should be done when a pt is taking ethambutol?
- baseline vision testing before use
- monitor visual activity
What are the risk factors of pneumonia?
old age
immunosuppression
sedation/opioid use
tobacco use
enteral tube feeding
chronic lung disease
mechanical ventilation
postop
prolonged immobility
no pneumococcal/flu vaccine
What is an expected finding for an older adult who has pneumonia?
confusion due to hypoxemia
When using beclomethasone (glucocorticoids) by a metered dose inhaler, what should the patient do? Why?
rinse mouth after administration because fungal overgrowth in mouth can occur
What is a side effect of fluticasone/salmeterol?
white coating in mouth
(oropharyngeal candidiasis)
What is an indicator that therapy is effective during an asthma attack?
oxygen sat >90%
If a patient is underweight, what can be done to increase calorie intake?
eating small amounts more often
What are the clinical manifestations of emphysema?
main:
dyspnea
barrel chest
clubbing of fingers
shallow/rapid RR
wheezes
weight loss
fatigue
What should the nurse instruct the client to avoid when taking theophylline? Why?
caffeine
it can increase CNS stimulation
What leads to the breakdown of bone tissue? What does this result in?
prolonged immobility
results in increased calcium excretion
How does albuterol help patients?
- provides rapid relief of acute asthma attack
- prevents exercise induced asthma
- prevents wheezing
- opens airway
- decreases coughing episodes
What should be done first for a patient who is hypoxic and has COPD?
initiate oxygen therapy to increase oxygen saturation
What should a nurse do if a patient is receiving supplemental oxygen at more than 4L/min via nasal cannula? Why?
attach a humidifier bottle to the base of the flow meter
to keep mucous membranes moist, O2 can dry it out
If a patient is on their right side in trendelenburg, what will this do?
help mobilize secretions from the lateral segment of the right lower lobe
What does good oral hygiene do?
decreases bacteria in the mouth that can result in aspiration pneumonia
When should bronchodilators be taken? Why?
before meals
to reduce SOB
What will a nurse do if a patient who is having an asthma attack develops bradycardia and a decrease in wheezing?
notify the provider
