QUIZ 2 Flashcards
All of the following occur during mitosis
except the
synthesis of DNA
DURING MITOSIS
-chromosomes condense
-uncoupling of chromatids at the centromere
-spindle forms
If a cell has 8 chromosomes at metaphase
of mitosis, how many chromosomes will it
have during anaphase?
16
Cytokinesis usually, but not always, follows
mitosis. If a cell completed mitosis but not
cytokinesis, the result would be a cell with
two nuclei
During which phases of mitosis are
chromosomes composed of two chromatids?
from G2 of interphase to metaphase
Cells that are in a nondividing state are in
which phase?
Gο
Proteins that are involved in the regulation
of the cell cycle, and that show fluctuations
in concentration during the cell cycle, are
called
cyclins
Chromosomes become visible during
prophase
Vinblastine is a standard chemotherapeutic drug used to treat cancer.
Because it interferes with the assembly of
microtubules, its effectiveness must be
related to
disruption of mitotic spindle
formation
A particular cell has half as much DNA as
some of the other cells in a mitotically active tissue. The cell in question is most likely in
G1
a replicated chromosome
CHROMATID
Centromeres uncouple, sister chromatids
are separated, and the two new
chromosomes move to the opposite poles of the cell at
anaphase
A cell containing 92 chromatids at
metaphase of mitosis would, at its
completion, produce two nuclei containing
how many chromosomes?
46
In oogenesis, the sequence of the
development of an egg is
oogonium
primary oocyte
secondary oocyte
ootid
ovum
Which of the following terms belongs
with the words: synapsis, tetrads, and
chiasmata?
CROSSING OVER
Which of the following happens at the
conclusion of meiosis I?
a. homologous
chromosomes are separated
b. chromosome number conserved
c. sister chromatids separated
a. homologous
chromosomes are separated
A plant has four pairs of chromosomes
designated as: AA, BB, CC, and DD. If this
plant is self-fertilized, what chromosome
complement would be found in the roots of
the offspring?
AA BB CC DD
When comparing prophase I of meiosis
with prophase of mitosis, which of the ff.
occurs only in meiosis?
tetrads form
a result of the random
distribution of the sister chromatids to the
two daughter cells during anaphase II.
Independent assortment of
chromosomes
When pairs of homologous chromosomes
separate during anaphase I,
the sister chromatids remain linked to one another
undergo the first meiotic division in the production of sperm
primary spermatocytes
A cross between homozygous purple-flowered and homozygous white-flowered
pea plants results in offspring with purple
flowers. This demonstrates
dominance
I know that black coat color in mice is
dominant to albino. Black mice get a higher
price at the pet store so I am disappointed
when I cross a black mouse with an albino
mouse and get 6 albino and 2 black mice in
the litter. I expected all black. What mistake
did I make?
I assumed that my black mouse
was true-breeding.
If non-disjunction occurs during meiosis,
then
a gamete may obtain more than one
homologue
If nondisjunction occurs in meiosis II
during gametogenesis, what will be the result at the completion of meiosis?
One gamete will be n + 1
one will be n – 1
and two will be n
If a pair of homologous chromosomes
fails to separate during anaphase of meiosis I, what will be the chromosome number of the four resulting gametes with respect to the normal haploid number (n)?
n + 1; n + 1; n – 1; n - 1
The terms trisomic, monosomic, and aneuploid all refer to chromosomal abnormalities involving an abnormal number of chromosomes.
Trisomic refers to the presence of an extra chromosome
monosomic refers to the absence of one chromosome,
aneuploid refers to any abnormal number of chromosomes.
BUT
triploid refers to a condition where an organism or cell line has three sets of haploid (single) chromosomes, which is not directly related to the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes.
Of the ff. human trisomy, the one that
generally has the most severe impact on the health of the individual is
trisomy 21
A human individual is phenotypically
female, but her interphase somatic nuclei do not show the presence of Barr bodies
(normally present in female). Which of the
following statements concerning her is true?
She has Turner syndrome
Turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder characterized by the complete or partial monosomy of the X chromosome in females (45, X)
In individuals with Turner syndrome, one of the X chromosomes is either missing
Blue diaper syndrome is a rare inborn
error of human metabolism. Certain amino
acids are not absorbed in the small intestine
and are excreted, causing a blue color in the feces. A normal individual married an
affected person but all their children are
normal, what are the genotypes of the
couple?
AA x aa
If a purple pea flower is test crossed and
produces at least 1 white flower (purple is
dominant than white), what is the genotype
of the purple pea flower?
Pp
In cattle, the polled (hornless) condition
is due to a dominant gene, while its recessive
allele causes horns to appear. What is the
chance of getting polled calf from the cross
between two non-polled cattle?
0
True or false. All of the cells within an
individual are genetically identical.
true
t or f: Trisomy 21 is hereditary.
false
. True or false. Sex limited inheritance
refers to traits that are located on the X or Y
chromosome.
false
Sex limited inheritance refers to traits that are visible only within one sex, but are determined by genes located on autosomes (non-sex chromosomes)
A cell missing both copies of the
chromosome
nullisomic
An individual made up several genetic
lineage
mosaics or chimeras
organisms which receive a set or multiple
sets of chromosomes from other species
Allopolyploid
A better option to detect fetal
chromosomal anomalies at an early stage of pregnancy
Chorionic villus sampling
The principle which states that a diploid
individual organism possesses two alleles
encoding a trait and that these two alleles
separate in an equal proportion when
gametes are formed
Segregation
Expresses the likelihood of the
occurrence of a particular event
probability
The period between mitotic division
cycles
interphase
The primordial egg cell
oogonium
The cytological structure on paired
chromosomes with which genetic exchange
(crossing over) is correlated
chiasma
Pairing of homologous chromosomes
begins in this phase
zygotene
An organism has a diploid number of 8 in
a primary oocyte.
a. How many tetrads are present in prophase
I?
b. How many dyads are present in prophase
II?
c. How many monads migrate to each pole
during anaphase II?
4 TANAN
A tetrad is a group of four chromatids that forms during the prophase I stage of meiosis when homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over
Dyads are pairs of sister chromatids that form after the separation of homologous chromosomes during the first meiotic division
A monad is a single chromatid that is produced when the sister chromatids of a dyad are separated during the second meiotic division
