history and terminologies

Question 1

Genetics- derived from the Greek word gen,
meaning

Answer 1

become or to grow something

Question 2

. It is the branch of biology that deals with the
principles of heredity and variation in all living things; the study of genes

Answer 2

genetics

Question 3

1860s Mendel’s work on peas allows the
conclusion that traits are inherited through discrete units passed from one generation to the next

Question 4

describes nucleic acids

Answer 4

Friedrich Miescher

Question 5

1909 The word ‘gene’ coined by Danish botanist

Answer 5

Wilhelm Johannsen

Question 6

1910 Thomas Morgan’s work on fruit flies
demonstrates that genes

Answer 6

lie on chromosomes

Question 7

she describes mobile genetic elements in maize

Answer 7

1940s Barbara McClintock

Question 8

shows in bacteria that nucleic acids are the ‘transforming principle’

Answer 8

1944 Oswald Avery

Question 9

they publish the double helix model for DNA’s chemical structure

Answer 9

1953 James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 10

they find that protein-coding genes are carried in segments

Answer 10

1977 Phillip Sharp and Richard Roberts

Question 11

the progeny inherits any characteristic as the average of the parents’ values of that characteristic

Answer 11

Blending Inheritance (Early 1800s

Question 12

by Aristotle; every part of the body emits tiny particles (gemmules) which migrate to the gonads & are transferred to the offspring; implied that changes to the body during an organism’s life would be inherited

Answer 12

Theory of Pangenesis/Preformation (19th Century)

Question 13

– first challenged the Theory of Pangenesis and proposed Germplasm Theory

Answer 13

August Weismann (1834-1914

Question 14

sex cells perpetuated themselves in reproduction generation after generation; inheritance takes place by means of sex cells

Answer 14

Germplasm Theory

Question 15

refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an organism that are produced by the interaction of the genotype and the environment (e.g. appearance. Also the physical expression of one or more genes

Answer 15

Phenotype

Question 16

physical location of a gene on a chromosome. It is the particular neighborhood where the gene is found;

Answer 16

locus

Question 17

the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different varieties, species or genera through sexual reproduction

Answer 17

hybrid

Question 18

a person who can pass an inherited (genetic) disease on to their children but who does not have the disease. He/she have a variant related to a disease within your genetic material

Answer 18

carrier

Question 19

– an organism or a new genetic character arising or resulting from mutation, which is genetically an alteration of the DNA sequence of the genome or chromosome of an organism

Answer 19

mutant

Question 20

– the gene, characteristic, or phenotype that occurs most frequently in the natural population

Answer 20

wild type

Question 21

the mating of an organism whose genetic constitution is unknown with an organism whose entire genetic makeup for a trait is known, to determine which genes are carried by the former.

Answer 21

test cross

Question 22

the mating of a hybrid organism with one of its parents or with an organism genetically similar to the parent.

Answer 22

back cross

Question 23

the fusion of male and female gametes produced by the same individual. Also called autogamy

Answer 23

Self-fertilization

Question 24

the parents w/ a particular phenotype produce offspring only w/ the same phenotype.

Answer 24

trueee breeding

Question 25

a systematic listing (either as words or as
symbols) of the ancestors of a given
individual, or it may be the “family tree” for a
large number of individuals

Answer 25

pedigree analysis

Question 26

are placed in birth order from left to right and
are labeled with Arabic numerals. all offspring

Answer 26

sibs

Question 27

a male whose phenotype drew
the attention of a physician or geneticis

Answer 27

propositus

Question 28

a female of the same
circumstance

Answer 28

porposita

Question 29

– individual whose phenotype drew
the attention to the family

Answer 29

proband