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Genetics Chapter 1 -3 > quiz 1 > Flashcards

quiz 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The location of a gene on a chromosome
is called the

A

locus

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2
Q

If a gene is not on the sex chromosomes,
it is found on an

A

autosome

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

a correct usage of phenotype and
genotype?

A

Two different genotypes may
produce the same phenotype

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5
Q

What was the most significant conclusion
that Gregor Mendel drew from his
experiments with pea plants?

A

Traits are inherited in discrete units, and are not the results of blending

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6
Q

What is the genetic cross between an individual showing a dominant phenotype (but of unknown genotype) and a
homozygous recessive individual called?

A

testcross

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7
Q

the complete
complement of an organism’s genes

A

genome

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8
Q

Which of the ff. statements about genes is
incorrect?

correct info about genes
a. genes correspond to segments of DNA
b. many genes contain information needed for cells to synthesize enzymes and other proteins
c. during fertilization, both sperm and the ovum contribute genes to the resulting fertilised egg

INCORRECT
d. under normal circumstances, each
chromosome contains precisely one gene

A
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9
Q

How do the 2 members of a pair of
homologous chromosomes differ from each
other?

A

the precise sequence of the DNA
within each of the chromosomes

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10
Q

. By examining a karyotype, it is possible to determine the

A

sex

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11
Q

He confirmed the chromosome theory of inheritance with his discovery of sex chromosomes in fruit flies

A

Thomas Hunt
Morgan

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12
Q

According to the Theory of Pangenesis

A

all
tissues in the body produce heritable
materials

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13
Q

In Griffth’s experiment, which of the ff. strains of pneumococci was isolated from the dead S bacteria and live R bacteria?

A

live smooth strain

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14
Q

Avery, MacLeod and Mc Carty expanded
on Griffth’s work and demonstrated that DNA was the molecule used by bacteria to pass info. on. What would their results have
been if protein was the hereditary material?

answer:
Only the samples treated with DNase and RNase would cause transformation

A
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15
Q

Which experimenter disproved the
classical theory of blending inheritance?

A

Gregor Mendel

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16
Q

epigenetic inheritance

a. it can be reset during gametogenesis
c. does not involve a change in DNA sequence

false statement
b. can temporarily affect an individual

A
17
Q

Single gene producing two or more
effects

A

Pleiotropy

18
Q

Refers to the proportion of people w/ a particular genotype who exhibits the corresponding phenotypic characteristics

A

Penetrance

19
Q

. A characteristic of a certain gene having no allelic counterpart

A

Hemizygous

20
Q

A characteristic that is influenced by two
or more genes

A

polygenic

21
Q

The mating of an F1 progeny with its
homozygous recessive parents

A

Backcross

22
Q

Individual organism which forms two kinds of gametes determines sex of the offspring

A

Heterogametic

23
Q

The genetic makeup of an organism

A

The genetic makeup of an organism

24
Q

The Nobel prize winner for inventing the PCR

A

Kary Mullis

25
Q

Two identical copies of a chromosome formed by replication

A

Sister chromatids

26
Q

The degree to which trait expression
differs among individuals

A

Expressivity

27
Q

determined by genes located on
autosomes and expressed only in one sex

A

Sex-limited inheritance

28
Q

Refers to the mobile genetic elements

A

Transposons

29
Q

An organism or cell whose genome has been altered by the interaction of one or more foreign DNA sequences from another
species by artificial means

A

Transgenic

30
Q

He coined the word gene

A

Wilhelm
Johannsen

31
Q

Chromosomes that contain the same genes in the same order along their chromosomal arms inherited from each parent

A

Homologous chromosomes

32
Q

Organism that always pass down a
certain phenotypic trait

A

Homozygous/True
breeding

33
Q

Gene interactions where one gene is
capable of interfering w/ the expression of another

A

Epistasis

34
Q

A heritable change in the nucleotide
sequence of an organism’s DNA

A

Mutation

35
Q

He proposed the theory of inheritance of
the acquired characteristics

A

Jean-Baptiste
Lamarck

36
Q

He proposed the central dogma

A

Francis Crick

37
Q

CRISPR stands for

A

“Clustered Regularly
Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats

38
Q

” It’s
a revolutionary gene-editing technology that
allows scientists to precisely and easily
modify the DNA of organisms, including
humans.

A

CRISPR

Genetics Chapter 1 -3 (3 decks)

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