quiz 1 Flashcards
The location of a gene on a chromosome
is called the
locus
If a gene is not on the sex chromosomes,
it is found on an
autosome
a correct usage of phenotype and
genotype?
Two different genotypes may
produce the same phenotype
What was the most significant conclusion
that Gregor Mendel drew from his
experiments with pea plants?
Traits are inherited in discrete units, and are not the results of blending
What is the genetic cross between an individual showing a dominant phenotype (but of unknown genotype) and a
homozygous recessive individual called?
testcross
the complete
complement of an organism’s genes
genome
Which of the ff. statements about genes is
incorrect?
correct info about genes
a. genes correspond to segments of DNA
b. many genes contain information needed for cells to synthesize enzymes and other proteins
c. during fertilization, both sperm and the ovum contribute genes to the resulting fertilised egg
INCORRECT
d. under normal circumstances, each
chromosome contains precisely one gene
How do the 2 members of a pair of
homologous chromosomes differ from each
other?
the precise sequence of the DNA
within each of the chromosomes
. By examining a karyotype, it is possible to determine the
sex
He confirmed the chromosome theory of inheritance with his discovery of sex chromosomes in fruit flies
Thomas Hunt
Morgan
According to the Theory of Pangenesis
all
tissues in the body produce heritable
materials
In Griffth’s experiment, which of the ff. strains of pneumococci was isolated from the dead S bacteria and live R bacteria?
live smooth strain
Avery, MacLeod and Mc Carty expanded
on Griffth’s work and demonstrated that DNA was the molecule used by bacteria to pass info. on. What would their results have
been if protein was the hereditary material?
answer:
Only the samples treated with DNase and RNase would cause transformation
Which experimenter disproved the
classical theory of blending inheritance?
Gregor Mendel
epigenetic inheritance
a. it can be reset during gametogenesis
c. does not involve a change in DNA sequence
false statement
b. can temporarily affect an individual
Single gene producing two or more
effects
Pleiotropy
Refers to the proportion of people w/ a particular genotype who exhibits the corresponding phenotypic characteristics
Penetrance
. A characteristic of a certain gene having no allelic counterpart
Hemizygous
A characteristic that is influenced by two
or more genes
polygenic
The mating of an F1 progeny with its
homozygous recessive parents
Backcross
Individual organism which forms two kinds of gametes determines sex of the offspring
Heterogametic
The genetic makeup of an organism
The genetic makeup of an organism
The Nobel prize winner for inventing the PCR
Kary Mullis
Two identical copies of a chromosome formed by replication
Sister chromatids
The degree to which trait expression
differs among individuals
Expressivity
determined by genes located on
autosomes and expressed only in one sex
Sex-limited inheritance
Refers to the mobile genetic elements
Transposons
An organism or cell whose genome has been altered by the interaction of one or more foreign DNA sequences from another
species by artificial means
Transgenic
He coined the word gene
Wilhelm
Johannsen
Chromosomes that contain the same genes in the same order along their chromosomal arms inherited from each parent
Homologous chromosomes
Organism that always pass down a
certain phenotypic trait
Homozygous/True
breeding
Gene interactions where one gene is
capable of interfering w/ the expression of another
Epistasis
A heritable change in the nucleotide
sequence of an organism’s DNA
Mutation
He proposed the theory of inheritance of
the acquired characteristics
Jean-Baptiste
Lamarck
He proposed the central dogma
Francis Crick
CRISPR stands for
“Clustered Regularly
Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
” It’s
a revolutionary gene-editing technology that
allows scientists to precisely and easily
modify the DNA of organisms, including
humans.
CRISPR
