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Music History > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the dates of the Renaissance?

A
  • 1400-1600 CE
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2
Q

The Renaissance is the “rebirth” of what?

A
  • Greek and Roman culture
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3
Q

What is humanism?

A
  • The central philosophy associated with the Renaissance
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4
Q

How does the philosophy of humanism compare to the Middle Ages?

A
  • Values the human experience as opposed to abstract beings and problems of theology
  • Didn’t negate Christianity
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5
Q

How did humanism arise?

A
  • Improvement in the economy allowed for indulgence and enjoyment
  • Questioning of the church’s authority
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6
Q

How does Renaissance literature compare to Medieval literature?

A
  • Medieval literature focused on religion
    • e.g., worshipping God (Augustine), proving his existence (Aquinas)
  • Renaissance literature focused on human nature and experience (Shakespeare, Chaucer)
  • Written for its own inherent value (Petrarch)
  • Introduction of (auto)biographies
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7
Q

How does Renaissance art compare to Medieval art?

A
  • Medieval art was tied to the church
    • abstract/symbolic
  • Renaissance art was often related to daily life
    • realistic - valued the senses to inform the art (humanism)
  • Artists put their names (and images) to their works
  • e.g., Mona Lisa, David
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8
Q

*How does the music of the Renaissance reflect humanist ideals?*

A
  • Emphasis on the senses - pleasing consonances (including 3rds and 6ths)
  • Less reliance on pre-existing structures
  • Reflects the message/emotion of the text
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9
Q

Who was John Dunstable?

A
  • Musician in the private chapel of the Duke of Bedford
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10
Q

What parallels exist between the styles of art and music during the Renaissance?

A
  • Both aimed to please the senses through naturally occurring beauty
  • Increased focus on contrast and clarity
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11
Q

What are the basic principles of counterpoint of the 15th and 16th centuries?

A
  • A strong preference for consonances, including 3rds and 6ths
  • Dissonances limited to passing tones and suspensions
  • Parallel perfect intervals forbidden
  • Equal treatment of all voices
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12
Q

What characteristics of English music set it apart from music on the Continent in the 13th through early 15th centuries?

A
  • contenance angloise (English quality)
  • Frequent use of harmonic thirds and sixths, often in parallel motion
  • Relatively simple melodies
  • Regular phrasing
  • Syllabic text-setting
  • Homorhythmic textures
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13
Q

Who was Johannes Ockeghem?

A
  • Highly respected composer and teacher (1410-97)
  • Between Dufay and Josquin
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14
Q

When did Josquin des Prez live?

A
  • 1450-1521
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15
Q

How is Josquin’s career typical of a Renaissance composer?

A
  • Trained in the north through the church (St. Quentin)
  • Worked for courts and churches in the south (Italy)
  • Wrote in the international style
  • Returned north later in life
  • Especially respected for “master works” that demonstrated his genius
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16
Q

What are general stylistic features of Josquin’s music?

A
  • Consonances
  • Clear form
  • Various types of textural contrast
    • homophonic vs. polyphonic
    • number of voices
  • Equal treatment of voices
17
Q

How is each section of the music in “Ave Maria” organized texturally?

A
  • Sectional constrast
    • 1st sect: each voice starts with a piece of the melody and continues on
    • 2nd sect: starts with two voices in imitation followed by rhythmic activity in all voices
    • 3rd sect: starts with two voices in imitation followed by imitation in all voices
    • 4th sect: all voices together with simple rhythmic reduction
  • Spare use of all four voices at once
    • No complete cadences until the very end
  • Points of imitation
18
Q

How many masses did Josquin des Prez write? What types did he write?

A
  • 18 masses
  • Cantus firmus mass
  • Paraphrase mass
  • Imitation/parody mass
19
Q

What is a cantus firmus mass?

A
  • A polyphonic mass
  • Same pre-existent melody used as the foundation for all the movements
    • heard in its entirity in one voice
  • Genre/process/technique that unified the mass
20
Q

What is the definition of a paraphrase mass?

A
  • A polyphonic mass
  • Same pre-existent melody used in each movement
  • Paraphrased and/or altered in most or all voices
  • New material added
21
Q

What pre-existent material was used in “Missa Pangue Lingua” (Josquin, 1515)?

A
  • “Pangue Lingua”
  • Pre-existent monophonic tune (hymn)
22
Q

How is the pre-existent material used in “Missa Pangue Lingua”?

A
  • Present in all voices
  • A series of points of imitation
23
Q

What is the definition of an imitation/parody mass?

A
  • A polyphonic mass
  • Same pre-existent polyphonic tune used in each movement
  • Heard in all voices
24
Q

When and what is the Reformation?

A
  • Early 16th century
  • Criticism of the Catholic Church leading to the formation of new churches
  • Tied to wars and other disagreements
25
Q

When did Martin Luther live?

A
  • 1483-1546
26
Q

What were Martin Luther’s attitudes toward music?

A
  • Believed in the Doctrine of Ethos
  • Advocated the use of all types of music in the Mass
27
Q

How do Martin Luther’s attitudes toward music compare to the ideas expressed by the Catholic church?

A
  • The church fathers felt the music must remain focused on the liturgy
    • sketicism and fear of danger in music
  • Luther believed secular music could be brought into the liturgy
28
Q

How are Martin Luther’s religious ideas evident in the music of the German services? (What are features of the German Protestant liturgy?)

A
  • Services could be in German or in Latin
  • Congretional participation
    • music had to be simplified
29
Q

How does Martin Luther’s “Ein feste Burg” and Johann Walther’s setting of “Ein feste Burg” demonstrate features of the German Protestant liturgy?

A
  • Repetitive, stepwise motion between the tonic & dominant to be accessible to the congregation
  • Walther’s setting - melody in the tenor, surrounded by simple polyphone
30
Q

What were Jean Calvin’s views on music?

A
  • Condemned much of the music in the Catholic Church
  • Felt music led the people astray
  • Encouraged congregational participation
  • Used monophonic songs setting Bible verse
31
Q

What is the background to the separation with the Catholic Church?

A
  • Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife
  • The archbishop refused to annul the marriage
  • In response, Henry VIII broke off from the church and formed the Church of England
32
Q

What was the impact on the liturgy of the separation with the Catholic Church?

A
  • Henry VIII: minimal change - new church arose out of divorce, not doctrine
  • Edward VI: some changes similar to those in Germany
  • Mary: reverted back to Catholic practices
  • Elizabeth I: more consistent use of English and congretional participation
33
Q

What are the parts of the worship service in the Church of England?

A
  • Service - comparable to the mass
  • Anthem - comparable to motets
34
Q

When did William Byrd live?

A
  • 1543-1623
35
Q

What was the complex religious/political situation for Byrd?

A
  • Catholic composer serving under Protestant rule
  • Many restrictions placed on Catholic composers and compositions
36
Q

How does William Byrd’s “Sing Joyfully” reflect important features of Byrd’s style?

A
  • Less use of textural contrast
  • Loose imitation
  • Use of thirds in cadences

Music History (6 decks)

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