Quiz #2 Flashcards
What are some Methodological tools in health psych (4)
- FMRI
-Mobile Watches
-Meta-analysis
-Qualitative RS
What is FMRI (2)? and what are the challenges(2)
FMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)
- shows brain activity (shows any damage and show which part of brain is active when doing tasks)
Challenge: can’t move in it and loud
Mobile watches? Challenges?
You can tracks steps heart beat and set reminders to exercise
Challenge: people are worried you can sell that information to insurance and deny you help because you’re overweight
Meta-analysis ?
is a statistical technique that allows you to take data from different studies and combine results
Qualitative?
lets you interview people and give more in depth answers as oppose to numbers where it doesn’t let them talk about it.
What does Health Promotion mean? ex?
A philosophy that believes good health is a personal and collective achievement
EX: other people impact my sleep schedule because they have different schedules.
Health behavior defined
behavior undertaken by people to enhance/maintain health
Health Behavior: Health habits (def) EX:
firmly established health behavior and then you perform that automatically without thinking
EX: brushing teeth, showering, seatbelt
Primary Prevention definition
goal is to instill good health behaviors and change poor ones
How is primary prevention done through? 2
- changing behavior (diet)
- preventing beh from starting in the first place (smoking)
what are some thing that make it harder or easier to change behavior?
S-Social influence
P- Personal control
p- personal goals/values
p- perceived symptoms
A- access to health care systems
K- knowledge and intelligence of behavior
D-demographical factors
what are some thing that make it harder or easier to change behavior: Social Influence
different techniques may work for different health behaviors
what are some thing that make it harder or easier to change behavior: Personal Control
Health locus of control: perception that ones health is under personal control(internally) or controlled by others (externally)
internally: I can change my own outcomes (diet)
externally: no matter what I do im still going to get a heart attack
what are some thing that make it harder or easier to change behavior: Personal values and Goals
some value health behaviors through self affirmation “I value eating healthy”
what are some thing that make it harder or easier to change behavior: Perceived symptoms
people who are more likely to feel symptoms are more likely to change beh
what are some thing that make it harder or easier to change behavior: Access to health care symptoms
if people have insurance they will go to a doc cuz they can afford it. People living in small town may not be near a physician.
what are some thing that make it harder or easier to change behavior: Knowledge and intelligence
knowledge: do you know what a better choice to make
intelligence: are you able to process info or just believe everything from the internet
what are some thing that make it harder or easier to change behavior: Demographic factors - where does the most intervention happen? (4)
- birth to 5: always doing checkups and in school settings
- k-12: space where kids are leaning h.b. and like to teach them and implement them with their family
-65 & older: always interacting with the doctor and always changing their beh.
-younger, educated, and better socioeconomic status have better health habits.
what are some barriers that make it harder to change beh 2
emotional factors
instability of health behaviors
what are some barriers that make it harder to change beh: Emotional factors (2)
bad habits can be pleasurable (choco taste good)
too much information can cause stress (everything is bad for you)
what are some barriers that make it harder to change beh: instability of health beh
-not stable over time (ex: coach pushing you to exercise but once you grad won’t have anyone pushing you)
-different motivation for every beh
Interventions for children and adolescents
Children: they do what they are told to do (dentist, firemen)
Challenge: if parents are not into it will decrease the Childs desire to continue in h.b.
adolescents: want to stop listening to parents and instead do what their peers are doing
Interventions for at-risk individuals benefit and challenge(2)
benefit: they will alter behavior if they are at risk
challenge: don’t perceive the risk correctly
1. overly optimistic
2. sometimes not knowing is best (have the genes for an uncured diseases causes stress)
interventions for older adults & challenge
there are more health problems at this age
challenge: hard to change identity (doesn’t tell kids they had an accident so they won’t take their car away)
interventions for Ethnics
its not something common and discussed with other family members
interventions for gender differences
women already go to the doctor because of babies. so they are better at getting checkups than men
Changing health behaviors: attitudes (def)
evaluation of health beh how we feel
what are three ways to change an attitude about a health beh
health beh education appeals
fear appeals
message framing
what are three ways to change an attitude about a health beh: Health beh educations appeals
when you have better information about a health behavior you are more likely to view the beh more positively
what are three ways to change an attitude about a health beh: fear appeals? what is the one caution?
scare you into changing behavior
caution: can’t make them fear too strong because then they are going to feel like they can’t do anything about it.
what are three ways to change an attitude about a health beh: Message framing
agreeing with someone in an argument even if you disagree because if you’re only disagreeing that person wont hear you
Changing health habits: Health Belief Model (2)
- have to believe that there is a health threat (paper receipt causes cancer)
-have to belief that a health behavior can reduce that threat (email recipes)
Health Belief Model: have to belief there is a health threat: 3
-general health values (do I worry about the health)
-specific beliefs (family history of diseases
-beleifs about severity of disorder ( its like any other cancer and it can spread)
Health Belief Model: have to believe that a h.b. can reduce that threat (2)
- belief that beh can be effective
-belief that benefits exceed costs (even though its expensive to be buying sunscreen still better than getting skin cancer
Theory of planned behavior?
just because you have an intention to do a h.b. does mean you will commit to it.
TBH: Subjective norms
what other people think we should do (im at store and I can still hear my mom telling me to put sunscreen on)
TBH: Perceived behavioral control
ability to engage in behavior (can I put on sunscreen, do I know how)
TBH: Intention
prediction to engage in beh sometimes you have the intention but it gets severed completing it because you forgot
why is perceived control and the actual beh sometimes not able to see it through?
things are outside of your control (health insurance)
Cognitive behavior Therapy
in order to change behavior they need to change how they think and feel about the outcomes
Self-monitoring:
monitoring what you eat, sometimes becomes aware of how you eat you will change beh
CB: stimulus control and how to control
not only controlling behavior but also controlling the stimulus that comes before that (only smoke when I drink but you go to a bar and now you want to smoke)
how: change envio and put a new stimulus (instead of eating when Im bored I will excersice) `
CB: Self control of beh - self -reinforcement and caution & beh assignments
when I hit my goals I will reward myself
make sure reward will maintain hb
charting beh ( when you give something up write down how that makes you feel)
CB: Social skills and training
some people have social anxiety so in social settings they will drink to relieve some of that anxiety. if they learned social skills they wouldn’t have to drink
CB: Continence contracting
getting someone else to hold you accountable of h.b. this person can also be in charged of reinforcement
CB: Motivationl interviewing
getting people to write why you want to change beh so people become aware of own motivation.
Relapse prevention
acknowledgning that it will happen and its ok
Relapse prevention: reasons
hard to change beh, no social support, genetically, injury
Relapse prevention: Consequences
people will feel negative about themselves
Relapse prevention: prevention
again recognize it will happen and incorporate a plan for when it does happen
Evaluation of CBT:
most effective way of modifying beh.
Transtheorital model of behavior change
beh is not changed over night but rather it is a process
What are the 5 stages of TranMBC
precontimplaation
contemplatin
preparation
action
maintenance
Precontimplation
no intention to change often unaware of the problem
what has to happen before moving on to next stage
something has to happen before getting you next like high blood pressure
Contemplation
aware problem exists but not committed to making change - peeps stick here for yeats
preparation
intends to make changes but starts with small changes ex; cutting out snack`
action
dedicates time and energy to make changed (tracking what you’re eating)
maintenance
have to be in action for 6 months before considered here.
Social engineering- def and 2 ways
changing laws to require to change beh
- actually outlaw other beh (can’t smoke in restaurants)
- syntax (tax things that not healthy; higher tax on cigarets)
