Chapter 14- Immune System Flashcards
what 3 microbes invade the body ?
bacteria, fungi, virus
How can these get your body?: Transmission (4)
indirect
direct
mechanical
biological
direct transmission
Involved bodily contact or fluid based (handshake,
indirect transmission
microbes passed via airborne (dusts, soil, food)
Biological transmission
some transmitting agent picks up modifies it in to (mosquito or ticks snd bite humans)
mechanical transmission
passage of microbes to individual by means of corner that not directly involved in diseases processes (water contaminated with rats that carry fleas with a diseases
How can these get your body? infection (3)
localized
focal
systematic
localizedL
cut, strep throat
focal
confined to one are but goes to other parts of the body
systematic
numbers of areas in the body are infected
what is true but these 3?
can go from one to other start with throat (localized) `
what is the course of infection?
incubation:
NONE SPECIFIC
actue phase
decline
incubagtion
DONT Feel sick
none specfic
symptoms
acute phase
disease and symptoms are at their height
decline
start to feel bettr
How can these get your body? Immunity:
body resistance to harm from invading organisms
Immunity: specific immunity
natural; get memory cells to to remember microbes and how to fight it
artificial- vaccines
Immunity: non-specific immunity
these are not specific to the illness
-anotomical barreirs: skin, nose hair
-phagocytocis- certain white blood cells inject microbes
-antimicrobal subs: chemicals: interphene, HCL
-inflammatory responses: extra h2o come into body to allow cells to move around more easily.
Immunity: humoral
creating antibodies through the use of B lymposites
Immunity; cell-mediadted immunity
t-lympstyes hangout in lymph ssytens
How can these get your body? lymphatic system
tonsils, thymus, gland, spleen
stress and immunity in humans
anticpatinfig injury
immune response as a function of length of stressor
-mvment from cell movement(t-cell) to humor(b-cells)
-whole immune system constantly weakening not going to function
what are some examples of stress studies
-astronaourat(psych/pysiologaical stress)
-natural disaster;
-DAILY hassles
Health risks?
when under stress show higher increase in illness
Marital disruption and conflict
associated with lower immune functioning even short term stress
who gets cargive
elderly babies
who take care of them
women more likely to take care of babies and parents
what are some challenges with seeing someone decline
not seeing improvement
fewer % of t-cels
protective effects of resources
family members can help take care of kids, flexiblejob,
optimism.
tied to beter immune func
personal control
feel that stress is under control
How does one get HIV
Transmission and exchange of fluid and compromises immune system by impacting T-cells
How does HIV turn into aids?
HIV(virus) makes you vulnerable to other diseases (cancer)
Antiviral Therapy
Remove traces of the body of the virus
Who were the first population with aids
gay men
drug use(sharing needles)
How did these two populations impact people disclosing they had aids
because they did not want to admit it cuz of how you get ir
what is true about mental health issues people with HIV
All illness come with mental health issues (stress) they gave good SS fgourps to comfort them. However for HIV people not disclosing cuz ashamed and don have SS
Women in HIV
a lack of disclosure from partners and they end up getting HIV
Interventions for HIV
Prevent aids
safe sex
What is the challenge with Interventions
have to keep teaching others and reaching to populations can’t just stop
what is true about guys in prison
having sex with men then go home to wife and have sex with. They dont consider themselves gay so they consider themselves as a risk for HIV
What is Cancer
Our body destroy cells we dont need but if it doesn’t they start to multiply and go to other part of the body
Stress and cancer (3)
-higher stress can dvp stress
-loss of SS can affect already onset cnscer
-higiher coping strategies can decrease cancer and better health outcomes
why is hard to adjust to cancer
nausea , fatigues, lac of sleep, can be caused of cancer or the treatment
Intervention for cancer(4)
-preventing it(screening)
-mindfulnness
-improving health beh
-pain mangemtnet
-therapyp
what is arthritis
joints are worked out (used to much)
types of arthritis
Osteoarthirtis-he cartilage within a joint begins to break down
Gout
-lupus
-juvenile arthritis
-Rheumtiod-the body’s immune system attacks its own tissue, including joints (women more likely)
Arthrisitis Stress challenge
can become cynical
-worrying about having pain can make you stressed
-pain to move so dont move but can reduce athirst by moving
what is type 1 diabetes
pancreas stops producing insulin which then increases blood sugar so have to recive insulin through injections
diabetes management
be careful what they eat constranly monitoring when needs shot
diabetes problem with kids
kids dont want to do what parents say
-dont want to be treated different but have to cuz they got diabetes
what are the most common symptoms we can regognize
anything pain (back, joints, head, chest)
individual diff: Hypochondriacs
people that are convinced that what are normal bodily sysmptoms are indicators of illness
Individual diference : Age
old people experience more Symp than young
individual diff: neurotsim
report symptoms more quickly
Attentional diff
can recognize symptoms if they are more focused on the self then if more externally focus (others)
situationsal factors
if you are in boring situations you not using your mind so more focused on body
Stress: Recog of Symprions
stress can aggravate symptoms and therefore make symptoms more noticeable
mood and emotions recognizing symptoms
if good mood people think they healthier bad mood report more negative health symptoms
Interpretation of symptoms: Prior experience
if you have had these symptoms in the past or someone else then better able to interrupt it
Interpretation of symptoms: expectations
we ignore the symptoms we expect but amplify the ones we dont expect
Interpretation of symptoms: seriousness of the symptoms
more concerned with symptoms that threatened valued body parts (heart, head)
commonsense of model of illness
schema of illness (identify, causes, timeline)
Illness represernatotion
view lines as
acute - short term flu
chronic-long-term heart diseases
cynical-come and go flare ip periods of time (herpes)
Lay Referral network
other people try to diagnose you when tell symptoms
who uses health Services: Age
Older people and very young babies
who uses health Services: Gender
Women because of pregnancy
also have better homeostatic mechanisms (better able to detect symptoms)
more fragmented health (gene, primary, OB)
who uses health Services: social class
higher income cuz they can afford it
who uses health Services: Culture
some cultures distrust in professional
Social Psychological factors: Health belief model
belief that you have an illness and can do something about it
social psychological factors: theory of planned behavior
more positive attitude more likely to see provider
Misusing health services: Psychological causes of physical symptoms
when a person has high level of anxiety and feel heart palpitation they going to doctor but they should address the anxiety
Misusing health services: worried well
they are healthy but they are scared that they are not healthy buecusae they heard it on the news
Misusing health services: Somatization
they express there distress/conflict through bodily symptoms. fighting with wife have headache shouldn’t go to doctor but marriage counsel
Misusing health services: Seconday gains
extend illness to get gains like cooked meals, peeps checking up on you, more lseep
Misusing health services: Hypochadiras
look up
