Quiz 2

Question 1

Understand what a social determinant of health is

Answer 1

the conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks.”

Question 2

Understand the connection between a person’s zip code and their health

Answer 2

zip code is more important than genetic code

Question 3

What is required at the top of the health impact pyramid;
what happens at the bottom of the health impact pyramid

Answer 3

More individual effort id required at the top of the pyramid.

The bottom of the pyramid is the causes of the causes where preventative action can be taken. Increased population impact.

Question 4

Self-efficacy and its constructs

Answer 4

Experience success (mastery experience)
Small, achievable steps
Adapt for current ability/experience, then build the skill from there
See others succeed
“…helps [others] believe that their success is also possible”
Receive specific encouragement
It is not an expensive commodity
“…helps us focus more on the progress that we are making toward that goal than on the challenges that we are facing”
Manage negative emotions
Talk about what can go wrong in order to anticipate and manage emotions

Question 5

Social Cognitive Theory and its constructs

Answer 5

Reciprocal determinism: personal factors, social environment and behaviors all influence one another.
Behavioral capability: A person’s actual ability to perform a behavior through essential knowledge and skills
Observational learning: People can witness and observe a behavior conducted by others and then reproduce those actions “modeling”
Reinforcements: Internal or external responses to a person’s behavior that affect the likelihood of continuing (or not!) the behavior
Expectations: Anticipated consequences of a person’s behavior.
Self-efficacy: believe that you can and will do it

Question 6

Strengths and weaknesses of the Health Belief Model

Answer 6

Weaknesses:
doesn’t take into account repeatable behaviors/habits
ignores social factors/influences

Question 7

Strengths and weaknesses of the Theory of Reasoned Action/Theory of Planned Behavior

Answer 7

Weaknesses: Sometimes our actions are not reasoned or our behaviors are not planned!
We plan to do many things, but do not do them all.
Alternatively, we do things without any planning or thinking at all.

Question 8

Stages of change in the Transtheoretical Model

Answer 8

Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Relapse

Question 9

Processes of change in the Transtheoretical Model

Answer 9

Consciousness Raising - Increasing awareness about the healthy behavior.
Dramatic Relief - Emotional arousal about the health behavior, whether positive or negative arousal.
Self-Reevaluation - Self reappraisal to realize the healthy behavior is part of who they want to be.
Environmental Reevaluation - Social reappraisal to realize how their unhealthy behavior affects others.
Counter-Conditioning - Substituting healthy behaviors and thoughts for unhealthy behaviors and thoughts.
Reinforcement Management - Rewarding the positive behavior and reducing the rewards that come from negative behavior.
Stimulus Control - Re-engineering the environment to have reminders and cues that support and encourage the healthy behavior and remove those that encourage the unhealthy behavior.

Question 10

What is the most important level of the health impact pyramid?

Answer 10

All they are all important
(Socioeconomic Factors)