Quiz 2 Flashcards
What are the core rules for critical thinkers?
- Because you are not all-knowing, it is inevitable that some of the beliefs and viewpoints
you firmly hold are completely wrong. Therefore, beware of intellectual arrogance. - Until you understand the viewpoints of those who disagree with you, you do not
understand your own viewpoint very well. - Until you can summarize another viewpoint so well that those who hold it agree with
your summary, you do not understand that viewpoint. - If you wish to be considered a critical thinker, you must be willing to seriously consider
alternatives and to change your mind. - Always assume that those with whom you disagree are as intelligent as you and have
motives that are as noble as you do.
What is “piper’s rule”?
The only people who deserve to be called truly critical thinkers are those
who are both willing and able to say (and mean) the following:
a. ‘You make a good point’
b. ‘I hadn’t considered that’
c. ‘I might have to reconsider’
d. ‘You have persuaded me to change my mind’
What are the 2 basic forms of persuasion?
Rational Persuasion Attempts
Non-Rational Persuasion Attempts
What is a rational persuasion attempt?
attempts to persuade by PROVIDING AN ARGUMENT in support
What is a non-rational persuasion attempt?
attempts to persuade WITHOUT the use of arguments
T or F: arguments are always good ones
FALSE
T or F: to call something an argument does not mean the argument is solid
TRUE
What is an argument?
an attempt to establish a conclusion as true(or probably true) by siting more than one or more premises(supporting reasons) in its favor
What are the 2 parts of arguments?
- at least one premise; often more
- a conclusion
What are the basic signs of a good argument?
- True(or probably true) premises
- premise are relevant to the truth of that conclusion
What is premise-conclusion form?
a tool for putting arguments into an easily recognizable form
example of conclusion form:
PT 1. you do not need to take math class x for your major
PT 2. Mr. Jones gives out 37 tests per semester ( last premise is always underlined)
C: Therefore, don’t take class X
What are cognitive biases?
cognitive influencers that undermine our ability to think rationally by UNCONSIOUSLY pre directing our belief systems in particular directions
T or F: Cognitive biases are a good critical thinkers enemy
true
What is belief bias?
the unconscious tendency to find an act of persuasion compelling because you already accept the claim being promoted ( YOU ARE EMOTIONALLY DRAWN TO IT)
