Final Exam Flashcards
What is a loaded question?
the question form of an innuendo
What is the RT ridicule/sarcasm?
persuading using by using vigorous/undermining humor instead of arguments to seem to be winning a debate or argument
what is this an example of: “it’s amazing you can formulate sentences with your head so far up your ass”
ridicule/ sarcasm
what is this an example of: “exactly when were you driving across the bridge did you fall asleep”
loaded question
what is hyperbole?
attempting to persuade using excessive exaggeration
T/f language that sounds hyperbolic maybe factually accurate
True
T/f misusing the term literally is a common hyperbole word
true
what is this an example of: “ I attended Mr.Jone’s lecture and I don’t think anyone in the history of the world has ever had that much time wasted”
hyperbole
what is this an example of: “Kanye west is literally as bad as Hitler”
hyperbole
what is a proof surrogate?
attempting to persuade by noticing that there is proof of/evidence/data/support for a claim out there but not actually supplying it
what is this an example of: “studies show that 9 out 10 dentists approve of this toothpaste”
proof surrogate
what is this an example of: “evidence suggests that Colgate is the #1 toothpaste brand in America”
proof surrogate
what is the rt of repetition?
attempting to persuade by repeating a claim over and over to get people to believe it is true
what is this an example of: Obama promoting Obama care and saying “you can keep your doctor” multiple times
repetition
t/f repetition is one of the most cheapest and bankrupt RT
true
what is the always-taught-it fallacy
arguing that a conclusion is true based only on the fact that be was taught it growing up
what is this an example of: “i was always taught that Santa Claus was real growing up therefore he is”
always taught it fallacy
what is this an example of: Christianity is the only true religion because it was taught it was
always taught it fallacy
t/f just because you were taught something doesn’t mean its true
true
what is the ad hominem fallacy
arguing that a person’s claim/belief/argument/position is refuted or dismissed because that person has a specific feature
t/f facts about a person can make up skeptical of their claim but cannot refute it
true
t/f to defeat an argument you must talk about the argument not the person making it
true
what is this an example of: you don’t know what you’re talking about because you haven’t even had a full college education”
ad hominem
what are the 3 types of ad hominem fallacy
- personal attack AH
- inconsistency AH
- Circumstantial AH
what is the personal attack AH
pointing out a negative feature about a person in an insulting way
what is this an example of: “he’s an idiot we cannot listen to him”
personal attack
what is the inconsistency AH
points out that the speaker is contradicting something that they had said earlier/in the past
what is this an example of: a smoker stating that smoking isn’t bad or a big deal then later advocates why it’s bad. then someone says “you were a smoker and said it wasn’t a big why should we listen to you”
inconsistency
t/f just because someone goes against something they said in the past does not mean what they’re currently saying is false
true
what is the circumstantial AH
points to apparently compromising circumstances/ facts about a person (like their job, agenda, race, gender, age, or political views) to try to refute their argument
what is this an example of: priest arguing why abortion is unethical and someone responds “you’re a priest you have to believe that” or “you’re just a man you know nothing about a woman’s reproductive system”
circumstantial ah
what is the false dilemma fallacy?
arguing that there are only 2 options available in a situation and one of the options is clearly inferior and concluding that the remaining option should be chosen
what is this an example of: you can go to grad school or be unemployed forever
false dilemma
t/f false dilemma is only a fallacy when there are in fact more than 2 options
true
t/f if there are only 2 options available (such as a life or death situation) then it is a real dilemma
true
what is the strawman fallacy?
trying to gain an advantage in a debate or disagreement by rephrasing someone else’s position to try to make it seem as ridiculous as possible and then arguing against the ridiculous version, and saying you “won” the argument
what is this an example of:
“I think we should make it harder to buy guns. doing this will probably reduce the number of mass shootings and death”
“So let me get this straight. what you’re saying is you want everyone to be defenseless against criminals”
strawman
t/f if someone accurately captures another position it does not count as a strawman.
ex. gun control “so what you’re saying is you want to dismiss our rights just to stop people from obtaining guns”
“yes that’s exactly what I’m saying”
true
What is the slippery slope fallacy?
arguing that someone shouldn’t do or believe something because this will lead to an unstoppable chain of increasingly bad things. To avoid this you shouldn’t start down that path at all
what is this an example of: if you legalize same-sex marriage, people will start marrying family members, then their pet, then their favorite food. We can’t go down this path
slippery slope
t/f slippery slope is only a fallacy where there is little to no evidence to support the claim
true
is this an example of a slippery slope? if you try drugs, you’re likely to get addicted, then you may want to experiment with other drugs
no, it gives valid reasoning to the chain
what is an appeal to pity?
attempting to persuade by stirring up emotions of compassion and sympathy in concern of a conclusion
what is the scare tactic?
attempting to persuade by stirring up feelings of fear, insecurity, and vulnerability in support of a conclusion
t/f it is possible to give a good argument that scares you, but it is not a scare tactic. such as giving a speech on how the world is in danger due to global warming
true
