Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

atoms

A

building blocks of matter

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2
Q

element

A

a pure substance made of only one kind of atom

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3
Q

trace element

A

an element indispensable for life but required in extremely minute amounts

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4
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons

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5
Q

mass number

A

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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6
Q

atomic notation

A

a symbolic method for expressing the composition for an atomic nucleus

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7
Q

isotopes

A

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

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8
Q

periodic table of elements

A

complete list of elements

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9
Q

atomic weight

A

average of the mass numbers of all isotopes

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10
Q

alkali metals

A

group 1

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11
Q

alkaline earth metals

A

group 2

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12
Q

halogens

A

group 17

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13
Q

inert/noble gases

A

grouop 18

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14
Q

transition metals

A

groups 3-12

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15
Q

ground state

A

most stable electron arrangement

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16
Q

excited state

A

atom has higher potential energy than it has in its ground state

17
Q

electromagnetic radiation

A

the energy transferred through space by electromagnetic waves

18
Q

quantum mechanics

A

series of energy levels (orbitals)

19
Q

atomic orbitals

A

regions in space with a high probability of finding an electron

20
Q

valence shell

A

outermost electron shell

21
Q

valence electron

A

electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom

22
Q

nuclear change

A

change in the nuclei of its atoms

23
Q

nuclear radiation

A

the particles that are released from the nucleus during radioactive decay

24
Q

radioisotopes

A

isotopes that have unstable nuclei and undergo radioactive decay

25
Q

alpha particles

A

2 protons and 2 neutrons

26
Q

beta particles

A

a fast moving electron that is given off as nuclear radiation

27
Q

positron

A

a positive electron

28
Q

gamma ray

A

a high-energy photon emitted by a radioisotope