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Aquatic Ecology > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are wetlands the transition zone between

A

aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems

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2
Q

what are ecosystem processes

A

rates of cycling of matter, energy, and nutrients

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3
Q

what is an ecosystem service

A

ecosystem processes that benefit humans

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4
Q

what are the ecosystem services that wetlands provide

A

dampening flows (sponge, prevent floods, provide water in drier seasons)

cleaning water

carbon storage

primary production

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5
Q

is carbon storage more prominent in seasonal or permanent wetlands

A

permanent

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6
Q

is primary productivity more prominent in seasonal or permanent wetlands

A

seasonal

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7
Q

what is hydrology

A

study of the movement, distribution, and management of water

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8
Q

what is a seasonal wetland

A

wet for only part of the year

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9
Q

what is a permanent wetland

A

wet all year round

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10
Q

how do seasonal and permanent wetlands differ in carbon storage

A

seasonal: little long-term storage, since wet-dry enables decomposition
permanent: lots of long term storage due to water logged, anoxic sediments

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11
Q

how do seasonal and permanent wetlands differ in nutrient cycling

A

seasonal: wet-dry cycles enable transformations of nutrients and more soluble nutrients
permanent: due to anoxic sediments, nutrients often accumulate, trapped in sediment

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12
Q

how do seasonal and permanent wetlands differ in biology

A

seasonal: organisms have short generation times and short aquatic life stages
permanent: have animals with longer aquatic phases or generation times

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13
Q

what are adaptations animals have to survive dry stages of wetlands

A

diapause - organisms produce resting eggs that can persist dry phases

quiescence / anhydrobiosis - organisms enter stage where they can resist drying out (inactive dormant phase )

migration - many species have complex life stages where they can undergo metamorphosis from aquatic larvae to terrestrial adults

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14
Q

where do wetlands accumulate resting eggs

A

in sediment

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15
Q

what is a drainage basin

A

area that drains into a river

water shed

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16
Q

what is meant by dendrite network

A

river systems generally are tree like (dendritic)

17
Q

what is a river/stream network and what are they characterized by

A

the layout off a river system a

characterized by:

  • nested (many small streams drain into larger ones).
  • hierarchal (branching structure means there is a progressive nestedness in streams
18
Q

what is stream order

A

a method of stream classification

streams increase in order when two streams of equal order combine

19
Q

what is a hyporheic

A

river running beneath river

water flows through sediment by river

20
Q

what is lateral connectivity

A

side-by-side connections

such as leaves falling into river

21
Q

what its longitudinal connectivity

A

connections upstream/downstream

22
Q

what is flow regime

A

pattern of water flow over time

can be snow dominated or rain dominated

23
Q

what is autochthonous

A

primary production

produced from within ecosystem

algae and macrophytes (aquatic macroscopic plants)

production controlled by : nutrition, temp, light

24
Q

what is allochthonous

A

organic matter that falls into stream

produced by outside ecosystems

25
Q

what is the river continuum concept

A

predictive framework that describes how streams systematically change as one goes from small headwater to large lowland rivers

26
Q

what are the functional feeding groups

A

shredders - break CPOM down to FPOM

grazers- slurp up algae

collectors – eat up FPOM, ex: filter feeding

predators

27
Q

what are the two types of collectors

A

deposit feeders- feed on FPOM on bottom of river

suspension feeders: feed on floating FPOM

28
Q

what part of stream does each functional feeding group feed

A

shredders- top

grazers - middle

collectors - bottom

predators - everywhere

29
Q

what are often used as indicators of health of streams

A

benthic invertebrates

30
Q

what is EPT

A

looks at mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies

these are generally more pollutant sensitive

31
Q

what is B-IBI

A

benthic index of biotic integrity

used to classify water pollution problems

Aquatic Ecology (3 decks)

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