Quiz 2 Flashcards
what are wetlands the transition zone between
aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems
what are ecosystem processes
rates of cycling of matter, energy, and nutrients
what is an ecosystem service
ecosystem processes that benefit humans
what are the ecosystem services that wetlands provide
dampening flows (sponge, prevent floods, provide water in drier seasons)
cleaning water
carbon storage
primary production
is carbon storage more prominent in seasonal or permanent wetlands
permanent
is primary productivity more prominent in seasonal or permanent wetlands
seasonal
what is hydrology
study of the movement, distribution, and management of water
what is a seasonal wetland
wet for only part of the year
what is a permanent wetland
wet all year round
how do seasonal and permanent wetlands differ in carbon storage
seasonal: little long-term storage, since wet-dry enables decomposition
permanent: lots of long term storage due to water logged, anoxic sediments
how do seasonal and permanent wetlands differ in nutrient cycling
seasonal: wet-dry cycles enable transformations of nutrients and more soluble nutrients
permanent: due to anoxic sediments, nutrients often accumulate, trapped in sediment
how do seasonal and permanent wetlands differ in biology
seasonal: organisms have short generation times and short aquatic life stages
permanent: have animals with longer aquatic phases or generation times
what are adaptations animals have to survive dry stages of wetlands
diapause - organisms produce resting eggs that can persist dry phases
quiescence / anhydrobiosis - organisms enter stage where they can resist drying out (inactive dormant phase )
migration - many species have complex life stages where they can undergo metamorphosis from aquatic larvae to terrestrial adults
where do wetlands accumulate resting eggs
in sediment
what is a drainage basin
area that drains into a river
water shed
what is meant by dendrite network
river systems generally are tree like (dendritic)
what is a river/stream network and what are they characterized by
the layout off a river system a
characterized by:
- nested (many small streams drain into larger ones).
- hierarchal (branching structure means there is a progressive nestedness in streams
what is stream order
a method of stream classification
streams increase in order when two streams of equal order combine
what is a hyporheic
river running beneath river
water flows through sediment by river
what is lateral connectivity
side-by-side connections
such as leaves falling into river
what its longitudinal connectivity
connections upstream/downstream
what is flow regime
pattern of water flow over time
can be snow dominated or rain dominated
what is autochthonous
primary production
produced from within ecosystem
algae and macrophytes (aquatic macroscopic plants)
production controlled by : nutrition, temp, light
what is allochthonous
organic matter that falls into stream
produced by outside ecosystems
