Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Aquatic Ecology > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a Reynolds number tell

A

relative importance of viscous and inertial forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the Reynolds number proportional to

A

body size and velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

is water viscous or non-viscous

A

viscous (sticky)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what implications does water density have on organisms

A

less need for structural elements (ex jelly fish)

organisms differ less in density, thuscan float more easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

does water have a high or low specific heat

A

high specific heat (energy needed to change temperature)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how does water affect temperature of ecosystem

A

buffers temperature change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how does water affect light

A

it attenuates (diminishes) it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what makes water tea coloured

A

dissolving organic matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the hypotheses for the differences between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems

A

Aquatic habitats are depositional ecosystems – since water flows downhill so lots of detritus

> Nutrient limitation – aquatic systems are generally limited by phosphorus, while terrestrial
ecosystems are generally limited by nitrogen

> aquatic plants are smaller – more edible, more nutrient rich than terrestrial systems, more turnover

> strength of herbivory – herbivores consume 3x greater proportion of primary production in aquatic than terrestrial food webs

> trophic cascades are mostly wet

> aquatic systems are more strongly saturated – big eats small

> transmission of information – use of chemical, visual, and auditory cues differ in aquatic vs terrestrial ecosystems

> aquatic systems are more patchier

> light limitation – less water underwater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

are life spans generally shorter or longer in aquatic systems

A

shorter – so dynamics are easier to observe rapidly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is intertidal

A

zone between high and low tide component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what causes the variety in tidal ranges

A

shape of ocean basin and how they determine the response of the water to the gravitational pull of the moon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do intertidal organisms need to deal with

A

desiccation stress (removal of water)

variable salinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why was rocky intertidal where a lot of ecology took place

A

strong gradient of environmental conditions

accessible

many organisms are : easy to count, slow, lack emotional appeal (societally okay to experiment on) , population changes happen rapidly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a sessile organism

A

fixed in one place

and are arranged in horizontal bands as a function of tidal height

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a fundamental niche

A

conditions where a species could inhabit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a realized niche

A

conditions where a species does inhabit in presence of competition and predation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what determine upper limits of niche

A

tolerance and physical factors such as desiccation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what set lower limits of niche

A

set by biological factors such as predation and competition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what do the distributions of sessile organisms tell us

A

they define realized niche of a species and are a signal of strong gradients in stress and species interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what can species interactions define

A

physical niche of species

ex: space competition. defines lower boundary of some species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how do ecosystem engineers affect diversity

A

increase

23
Q

what level of diversity has the highest diversity

A

intermediate

dynamic state is between competitive domination and nothing

24
Q

how do burrowing animals affect intertidal sediments

A

mix it, which aerates it

25
Q

what are the different depths of intertidal sediment

A

biogenetic mixing depth - where critters like to live

anaerobic (low oxygen depth) - critters = :(((

26
Q

what is an ecosystem engineer

A

species that create, modify, or maintain physical habitat for themselves and other species

27
Q

what are the types of ecosystem engineer

A

allogenic - organisms that form habitat by transforming materials from one state to another (ex: beavers)

autogenic- organisms that form habitat with their own physical structure (ex: trees)

28
Q

what are autogenic ecosystem engineers referred to when they are abundant

A

foundation species

29
Q

what does the presence of foundation species define

A

the structure and abiotic conditions of the ecosystem

30
Q

what are the impacts of foundation species

A

increase habitat complexity

change water flow patterns

recruitment rates

sediment erosion and deposition

nutrient cycling

primary productivity

31
Q

examples of foundation species

A 
kelp forests 
glass sponge reefs 
mollusc - beds
eel grass 
coral
32
Q

what are foundation species linked to

A

alternative stable states

presence/lack of foundation species can shift identify of ecosystem

33
Q

what is a subsidy

A

movement of resources or material that boost the productivity of the recipient ecosystem

34
Q

does the donor ecosystem or the recipient ecosystem control subsidy

A

usually donor - controlled

35
Q

what are scavenger communities in subtidal ecosystems often driven by

A

resource subsidies

36
Q

why might subsides have complicated impacts on the food web dynamics

A 
interference competition
exploitative competition 
scramble competition
facilitation
subsidized predation
37
Q

what determines the dynamics of lakes

A

interactions between physical, chemical, and biological components of the lake

38
Q

explain relationship between temperature and density

A

<0 degrees : water freezes (low density), it floats

between 0 and 4 degrees : water is less dense at cooler temperatures

above 4 degrees : warmer water floats

39
Q

how do salts and dissolved substances affect density

A

make water heavier

40
Q

what is stratification

A

when there is a relationship between water, temperature, and depth

usually warmer at top layer

41
Q

what is reverse stratification

A

when there is ice, water is coldest at top layer

42
Q

what sets the stage for the seasonal dynamics of lakes

A

stratification

turnover

43
Q

what is turnover

A

when lakes go from stratification in the summer to unstratified

often occurs during fall and is driven by cooling temperatures (decreasing density differences) and wind

44
Q

what does water do to light

A

it attenuates (reduces it) it

light is absorbed by water and scattered by particulate matter dissolved in it

45
Q

how does algae affect light

A

the more algae in the water, the less light can penetrate it

46
Q

what is respiration

A

uses o2 and breaks down sugars to release energy

47
Q

does respiration need light

A

no

48
Q

what determines rates of photosynthesis and respiration

A

nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen)
light (photosynthesis only)
temperature

49
Q

what is lake trophic status

A

useful classification of lakes based on their nutrients, o2, production, and light

50
Q

what are the categories of lake trophic status

A

oligotrophic - clear, low nutrients, low photosynthesis, low respiration

mesotrophic – intermediate clarity and nutrients

eutrophic – high nutrients, which leads to high production at the surface, which shades out lower regions causing low photosynthesis and high respiration rates (low o2)

51
Q

what are the different layers of thermal stratification

A

epilimnion - surface, warm layer

metaliminion - middle, mixed layer

hypolimnion - cool, bottom layer

52
Q

what were the key findings of Soule 2004

A

species extinction is generally expected. to reduce bioturbation, but the magnitude of reduction depends on the functional traits of individual species , risk of extinction, and order in which species are lost

  • extinction and order in which species go extinct govern the ecosystem - level consequences of biodiversity loss
53
Q

what were the key findings of Bertness, Callaway

A

The whole ecosystem is determined by one species (or group of species). These species often have positive impacts on biodiversity (Bertness and Callaway reading) and can profoundly influence many important ecosystem processes.

54
Q

what were the key findings in Carpenter

A

food chain structure (number of trophic levels) can cascade down the food web to control primary productivity

Aquatic Ecology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions