Quiz 2 Flashcards
Carries blood away from the heart
An artery
Connects Arteries to veins
A capillary
The two pairs of arteries that join together at the circle of willis are..
The two internal carotid arteries & the two vertebral arteries
Why is damage to an artery below the circle of Willis not as damaging as a lesion above the circle?
Undamaged blood vessels can still be used to feed the arteries below the circle. Above the circle, there are not readily available channels to be used.
This controls the skilled voluntary movements of the limbs and trunk
The corticospinal tract
Where does the corticospinal tract begin?
The motor cortex and premotor cortex
Another word for “to cross over”
Decussate
This controls the skilled voluntary movements of the speech muscles
The corticobulbar tract
Where does the corticobulbar tract begin?
The motor cortex and premotor cortex
Where does the corticobulbar tract end?
The pons and medulla, where the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves are located
Several short pathways that regulate reflexes, maintain posture, tone, and other associated activities.
Indirect activation pathway
Is the indirect activation pathway part of the pyramidal system or the extrapyramidal system?
Extrapyramidal system
What does UMN stand for?
Upper motor neuron
Provide direct input to both the spinal and cranial nerves. Activate LMN
Upper motor neurons provide
What are 3 characteristics of UMN damage?
Hypertonia, Hyperreflexia, and little to no atrophy of musculature.
What are the first three cranial nerves?
Olfactory, Optic and Oculomotor
Is olfactory sensory, motor, or both?
Sensory
Is Optic sensory, motor, or both?
Sensory
Is oculomotor sensory, motor, or both?
motor
Name the 4th 5th and 6th cranial nerves
Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens
Is Trochlear sensory, motor or both?
Motor
Is trigeminal sensory, motor or both?
both
Is abducens sensory, motor, or both?
Motor
Name the 7th, 8th, and 9th cranial nerves
Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal
