Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P2 - Neuro / Endocrine > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which Cranial nerve is the only nerve that exits from the dorsal (rear) aspect of the brainstem and innervates a muslce contralaterally? What is its function?

A

Trochlear nerve
Moves one muscle that draws the eye doan and indward (crosses eyes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three branches of CN V - Trigeminal Nerve? Which is motor only?

A

Ophthalmic (v1)
Maxillary (v2)
Mandibular nerve (v3) – only motor function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which nerves are sensory only?

A

CN 1 - Olfactory
CN 2 - Optic
CN 8 - Vestibulocochlear (hearing/balance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which cranial nerve is the largest?

A

CN V Trigeminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which part of the Brain Stem do we see the “Decussation of Pyramids”

A

Medulla Oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which cranial nerves are in the Medulla Oblongata

A

CN 8 - 12

  • CNIII Vestibulocochlear - specifically cochlear/hearing
  • CN IX - Glossopharyngeal - Taste, swallowing, salivation
  • CN X - Vagus - abdominal visera, larynx, pharynx
  • CN XI - Accessory -
  • CN XII - Hypoglossal - tongue movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What bodily functions are control by the Medulla Oblongata?

A

Autonomic functions / reflexes such as -

Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate, Vaso constriction,

Swallowing, coughing, vomiting, hiccuping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which part of the Brain is latin for Bridge? What is its function?

A

Pons - Relays impulses related to voluntary skeletal muscle movements from cerebrum to cerebellum (pontine nuclei), also plays a role in breathing (pontine respiratory group)

It is a bridge that connects different parts of the brain with others – through ascending sensory tracts and descending motor tracts and connecting L/R sides of the cerebellum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The Pons contains the nuclei for which of the Cranial Nerves?

A

CN V - Trigeminal
CN VI - Abducens
CN VII - Facial Nerve
CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear - Vestibular branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is another name for mid-brain?

A

Mesensephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

True or False - the medulla, pons, and midbrain all contain both Nuclei and Tracts

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the paird bundles of acons in the anterior part of the midbrain?

A

Cerebral peduncles (little feet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are large amounts of dopamine made, and what role does it play?

A

The substantia nigra of the Midbrain, plays a role in smoothing motion (Parkinsons is a deficiency in the dopamine that is created here)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the decussation of pyramids and in which part of the brain stem is it found?

A

90% of the axons coming to and from the right brain, cross over and innervate the left side (and vice versa) - this is where they cross over

It is the “X” in the middle of the Medulla Oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Generally, what is the function of the Midbrain?

A

It is related to functions regarding coordination

  • conveys motor impulses from cerebrum to cerebellum, spinal cord
  • sends sensory from spinal to thalamus
  • regulates audio and visual reflexes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Meninges?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater

17
Q

What are the two layers of the dura mater? What are the areas where they separate called?

A

Periosteal layer
Meningeal layer

Dural venous sinuses

18
Q

What is the role of the dural venous sinuses? Where do they drain?

A

Receive deoxygenated blood
Drain into the internal jugular vein to return to the heart

19
Q

Where is the Reticular formation found, and what is its role?

A

Found running along the brainstem as clusters of neuronal cell bodies (gray matter) along myelinated axons - in a netlike formation

Role in consciousness - awakening from sleep with danger (senses except for smell)
Helps to prevent sensory overload and regulate muscle tone

20
Q

What are the Red Nuclei, what gives them their color, where are they found, and what do they do?

A

L/R Bundles of cell bodies in the Midbrain, that look red due to blood supply and iron-pigment in neuronal bodies

Axons from cerebellum and cerebral cortex form synapses in the red nuclei which help control muscular movements

21
Q

Between what two layers is the subarachnoid space, what does it do?

A

Between the arachnoid and pia mater
Filled with flowing amounts of CSF

22
Q

What is the Superior Sagittal Sinus, and what is its significance in early development?

A

It is a dural venous sinus/space along the Falx Cerebri where CSF flows into via the subarachnoid space/villi and then returns blood into the interior jugular vein

In early development, this is where the fontennelle is, and hydroencephalus can cause this space to swell and bulge

23
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Coordination of skeletal muscle contractions and in the maintenance of normal muscle tone, posture, balance

24
Q

What is the Arbor Vitae? Where is it found

A

Cerebellum - white matter pattern inside the cerebellum

25
Q

What % of the body’s oxygen supply is utilized by the brain? What happens if the oxygen supply is disrupted?

A

20%

Damage, death of brain cells - excitotoxicity

26
Q

What are the least permeable capillaries in the body?

A

Blood brain barrier

27
Q

What are the functions and components of the blood brain barrier?

A

Function - manage microenvironment-prevent pathogens/regulate nutrients/waste/ions/fluids

Cells involved:

  • *Endothelial** cells of capillaries form tight junctions
  • *Basal lamina** / membrane - has pericytes to relax/contract
  • *Astrocytes** - line the BBB on the brain side
28
Q

How many ventricles are found in the brain, what are they?

A

4 -
2 Lateral Ventricles
3rd Ventricle
4th Ventricle

Spaces (originally the tube in neural tube) that are filled with CSF and part of the circulation of CSF

29
Q

Where are Choroid Plexuses found and what do they do?

A

In the ventricles, they are lined with ependymal cells that create the CSF by drawing out plasma from the blood and filtering into CSF

30
Q

What is the order of circulation of the CSF (and blood) in the brain

A
  • Lateral Ventricles
    • -> through Interventricular foramina -> to
  • Third Ventricle
    • > through Aqueduct of the midbrain -> to
  • Fourth Ventricle
    • -> through Median/2 lateral apertures
  • Subarachnoid space
    • -> via Arachnoid villi into
  • Dural Venous Sinuses
    • -> (sigmoid sinus)
  • Internal Jugular Vein ->
  • Superior Vena Cava -> Heart
  • Oxygenate / Repeat into arterial supply -> Carotid back up
31
Q

What is the difference between Tracts and Nuclei?

A

Tracts are White Matter, made of myelinated Axons

Nuceli are Gray matter, clusters of cell bodies

Both are found in the CNS

32
Q

Our mneumonic

A

Old, Opposums, Occupy, Tall, Trees, And, Forrests, Vehicles, Go, Vroom, And, Hit (Terminated)

33
Q

Which nerve is responsible for the perception of color? How does it receive the impulses?
Where does it connect in the brain?

A

CN II - Optic Nerve –> to the Primary Visual Area on the Occpital lobe

Via the retina, light is transmitted by Rods (b/w) and Cones (color) to Bipolar cells to Ganglion Cells - their axons join and form the Optic Nerve out of the eye, which then crosses over at the optic chiasma

34
Q

What is the Optic Chiasm

A

Where the 2 optic nerves from each merge and cross (partial decussiation / each half of each retina) to travel to the opposite side of the brain (and go on to the Primary Visual Cortex)

35
Q

Which nerves are responsible for our Sense of taste (which parts of the tongue for each?)
Bonus: What type of receptors are responsible for conveying taste?

A

Facial VII - Anterior Taste buds

Glossopharyngeal IX - Posterior Taste buds

Vagus X - some in throat, but also other sensory impulses from mouth/throat

Taste buds are Chemoreceptors, and the act of chewing releases more molecules to the chemoreceptors in the nasal passage which is why taste / smell are so closely linked

36
Q

Which of the cranial nerves is the only one to connect directly to the cerebrum?

A

CN 1 - Olfactory nerve

37
Q
A

A&P2 - Neuro / Endocrine (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions