quiz 13

Question 1

achondroplasia

Answer 1

Disorder of bone growth that prevents the changing of cartilage (particularly in the long bones of the arms and legs) to bone

Question 2

ankyloses

Answer 2

Scar tissue develops between bone ends causing the ends to fuse

Question 3

bursitis

Answer 3

• Inflammation of the bursae
• small fluid filled sacs cavity located near joint that reduces friction on movement

Question 4

hairline fractures

Answer 4

aka stress fracture; a tiny crack in a bone caused by repetitive stress or force, often from overuse

Question 5

osteomalacia

Answer 5

• Softening or decalcification of bone in adults
• spine, pelvis, femur
• Vitamin D deficiency and inadequate calcium or phosphorus in diet

Question 6

osteomyelitis

Answer 6

• Inflammation of the bone marrow
• Affects principally children and adolescents whose bones are still growing

Question 7

osteoporosis

Answer 7

• Increased porosity of the bone
• Makes bone abnormally fragile
• Part of aging process

Question 8

osteosarcoma

Answer 8

• Most common type of cancer that starts in the bones
• Cells that form bones

Question 9

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 9

• Most serious and crippling form of arthritis
• Chronic inflammatory disease for which there is no cure
• Early diagnosis can prevent crippling
• Begins with inflammation of the synovial membrane

Question 10

scoliosis

Answer 10

• Sideways curvature of the spin
• Cause is really unknown

Question 11

acromegaly

Answer 11

• disorder in adults in which the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone
• lead to unusual physical features and medical complications
• Can take years for change to appear

Question 12

addison’s disease

Answer 12

• disorder in which the adrenal glands don’t produce enough hormones
• Caused by disruptions to the adrenal glands, preventing normal secretion of corticosteroids

Question 13

cretinism

Answer 13

congenital disease due to absence or deficiency of normal thyroid secretion, characterized by physical deformity, dwarfism, and mental retardation, and often by goiter

Question 14

cushing’s syndrome

Answer 14

• Occurs due to abnormally high levels of the hormone cortisol
• The body produces too much over a long period of time
• the stress hormone

Question 15

diabetes insipidus

Answer 15

• disorder that occurs when a kidneys pass an abnormally large volume of urine that is insipid - dilute and odorless
• Kidneys are not able to conserve water

Question 16

diabetes mellitus

Answer 16

• disease that prevents your body from properly using the energy from the food you eat
• Absence of insulin
• Glucose cannot enter cells
• Cells are deprived of their nutrients

Question 17

dwarfism

Answer 17

• Medical or genetic condition that causes someone to be considerably shorter than average
• Average height of an adult with this is 4 feet

Question 18

exophthalmos

Answer 18

bulging of the eye naturally out of the orbit

Question 19

giantism

Answer 19

• condition that causes abnormal growth
• Most often due to abnormal tumor growths on the pituitary gland

Question 20

goiter

Answer 20

• swelling in the neck resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland
• lack of iodine in the diet

Question 21

grave’s disease

Answer 21

• Condition which a goiter develops
• Entire gland hypertrophies
• eyes protrude/stare

Question 22

hyperthyroidism

Answer 22

• condition in which there is too much thyroid hormone produced in the body
• Overactive
• Autoimmune reaction - antibodies react to a thyroid antigen stimulating hyperactivity of the thyroid

Question 23

hypothyroidism

Answer 23

• Combination of symptoms due to inadequate parathyroid hormone production
• commonly occurs because of damage to or removal of parathyroid gland when you have surgery

Question 24

myxedema

Answer 24

• Term for severely advanced hypothyroidism
• Also used to describe skin changes

Question 25

waterhouse - friderichsen syndrome

Answer 25

• Adrenal gland failure due to bleeding into the adrenal glands
• Caused by severe bacterial infection