Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GNUS627/Cardiac/Physiology for Anesthesia > Quiz 11 - Hemorrhage and Exercise > Flashcards

Quiz 11 - Hemorrhage and Exercise Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the definition of Shock?
A

Inadequacy of blood flow which results in inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients throughout the body to the extent that the tissues are damaged.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. What are the compensatory mechanisms that are active in hemorrhagic shock?
A
  • Baroreceptor reflexes
  • chemoreceptor reflexes
  • cerebral ischemic response
  • reabsorption of tissue fluids*
  • endogenous vasoconstrictor substances
  • renal salt and water conservation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  1. In shock where is vasoconstriction most prominent?
A
  • Cutaneous vascular bed (cool skin)
  • skeletal muscle vascular bed
  • splanchnic vascular bed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  1. Blood flow is preferentially redistributed to which body organs in shock states?
A

Brain and Heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  1. Approximately how much fluid can be reabsorbed at the capillary level to help maintain blood volume?
A

1 liter fluid / hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  1. What are the decompensatory mechanisms that occur in progressive shock?
A
  • Cardiac depression
  • vasomotor failure
  • acidosis
  • blood clotting abnormalities
  • reticulo-endothelial system
  • CNS depression
  • Cellular deterioration
  • reduced organ perfusion from stimulation of inflammatory process, clotting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. What are the positive feedback decompensatory mechanisms that are triggered by severe hypotension?
A
  • decreased CO
  • decreased Arterial pressure
  • decreased O2 blood flow
  • tissue hypoxia
  • vasodilation
  • decreased coronary perfusion
  • decreased inotropy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. What occurs at the cellular level that leads to irreversible shock?
A

Depletion of cellular high-energy phosphate reserves (ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  1. How much can muscle blood flow be increased during extreme exercise in the well-trained athlete?
A

20 fold increase when exercising vs resting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  1. In exercise, How does muscle contraction augment venous return?
A

contracting muscles help pump blood through the system along with one way valves in veins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  1. What happens to blood flow in muscle tissues during exercise?
A

Blood flow to muscles is squeezed off or decreased during contraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  1. How does capillary recruitment help deliver oxygen to muscle tissues during exercise?
A

It increases surface area for diffusion also when there are multiple capillaries recruited, it shortens the distance the O2 must travel for diffusion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  1. What factors facilitate oxygen unloading from hemoglobin to the tissues during exercise?
A

Right-ward shift of oxyhemoglobin curve

  • Reduced pH from lactic acid and increased pCO2
  • Increased temp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  1. What factors during exercise enhance blood flow at the tissue level?
A

??

  • Increase CO
  • Decrease SVR
  • Increased MAP
  • capillary recruitment
  • rightward shift of oxyhemoglobin curve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  1. What are the beta-2 effects of epinephrine on skeletal muscle?
A

dilation of vessels so they can accept more blood and offload more oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. Does cardiac output increase or decrease during exercise?
A

Increases

17
Q
  1. How is the change in cardiac output correlated to heart rate changes during exercise?
A

CO increases in proportion to degree of exercise

- increase CO with exercise correlates with an increase in HR

18
Q
  1. Does mean arterial pressure increase or decrease during exercise?
A

Increase

19
Q
  1. During exercise, What effect does the change in mean arterial pressure have on muscle blood flow? Why?
A

MAP rises even though there is reduction in SVR in the body musculature

20
Q
  1. What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have in the kidneys, splanchnic beds, and inactive muscle during heavy exercise?
A

sympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction of the arterioles INCREASES the resistence in the Kidneys, Splanchnic beds, and Inactive Muscle

21
Q
  1. What factors enhance venous return during exercise?
A
  • sympathetically mediated constriction of capacitance vessels
  • decreased SVR in muscles
  • contracting muscles help pump blood in veins back to heart
  • deeper, frequent resps decrease intra-thoracic pressure and enhance venous blood return to heart

GNUS627/Cardiac/Physiology for Anesthesia (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions