QUIZ 10 Flashcards
______ is committed by structured criminal enterprises that maintain their activities over time by violence and/or corruption.
organized crime
In the 1920s, the passage of this prompted a rise in crime, violence, and political corruption related to organized crime.
Volstead Act
The FBI has a special section called the ______ that focuses on white-collar crime investigations.
financial crimes section
In the 1930s, ______ introduced the term, White-collar crime.
Edwin Sutherland
How did Sutherland define white-collar crime?
“crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation”
Why did Shapiro (1990) critique Sutherland’s definition of white-collar crime? What definition does she propose as an alternative?
b/c it was offender-based. Nature of crime and the act – violation of trust in financial relationships.
Briefly describe the 5 types of white-collar crime according to Simon & Hagan (1999). Give a quick example of each.
Occupational – “skimming off the top” ex: Prof’s friend who was an accountant
Corporate – Volkswagen
Professional (?)- individuals presenting themselves as working in a legitimate occupation (ex: Jordan Belfort)
Organized (?)- organization has clear hierarchy/membership $$$ gain (mafia)
Political – illegal profit – engaged by government members at all levels
What is a criminaloid, according to Ross?
Individuals in society who “counterfeited the good citizen”; Not driven by biological or personality traits; motivated by money, power, prestige and fame
What is the difference between “upper-world” and “ordinary” white-collar crime according to Shover & Hochstetler (2006)?
Upper-world – elite; wealthy and reputable; high-level security fraud
Ordinary – vast majority; embezzlement by bank tellers
How does women’s involvement in white-collar crime compare to their involvement in street crime?
more involved in white collar crime
How does the involvement of African-American and Hispanic people in white-collar crime compare to their involvement in street crime?
½ of street crimes committed by African-American and Hispanics; less than 1/3 for white collar crimes
What percentage of white-collar criminals are over 30 according to Shover & Hochstetler’s research?
75% are over 30
How do large corporations encourage white-collar crime?
individuals do their jobs “by the book” but contribute to a process that, in full, is illegal; values, norms and reward structures; exec inititate legal activity yet through the hierarchy they are able to protect themselves
