Quiz #1 (Vulnerability, Informed Consent, Preoperative) Flashcards
what is necessary from patient before non-emergent surgery can be performed?
voluntary and written informed consent
why is voluntary and written informed consent needed before non-emergent Sx?
to protect the patient from unsanctioned Sx and protect the surgeon from claims of an unauthorized operation
how does informed consent help patients?
helps them understand the Sx that’s going to be performed
who’s responsibility is it to inform patient?
surgeons!!
what does surgeon need to tell patient to prepare them for surgery?
- clear and simple explanations of what the Sx will entail
- the benefits and possible risks
- alternatives and possible complications
- what to expect in the early and late post op periods
what must the nurse do before administering psychoactive premedication
MAKES SURE THE CONSENT FORM HAS BEEN SIGNED
What makes the form in-valid?
if it is obtained while patient is under influence of medications that can affect judgement and decision making
what circumstances is informed consent necessary? (4)
- Invasive procedures (surgical incision, biopsy, cystoscopy, paracentesis)
- Procedures requiring sedation and or anesthesia
- Non surgical procedure, as an arteriography that carries more than a slight risk to the patient
- Procedures involving radiation
when does patient sign consent form vs legal guardian?
patient signs if of legal age and mentally capable, otherwise signed by the legal guardian/family member
refusing to undergo a surgical procedure is a persons……
legal right and privilege
what makes someone requiring Sx vulnerable ?
countless stressors and previous personal experiences
schools in the 70’s believed that reducing anxiety minimized what?
minimized postoperative complications and reduced recovery time
list the 3 stages of the stress response?
- the alarm stage
- the resistance stage
- the exhaustion stage
what is the alarm stage
when the body initially exposed to the stressor and its resistance decreases
what is the resistance stage
when the body endeavours to adjust to the stressor
what is the exhaustion stage?
where the body’s adaptation energy is exhausted
what is one major factor in causing peri-operative vulnerability
anxiety
what are the three dimensions that vulnerability is classified into
social, psychological and physical
list the 5 factors that causes anxiety?
- waiting
- pain
- fear of unknown
- anesthesia
- surgery
describe social vulnerability?
• Demographic data in relation to potential for illness
Ex. Entering a developing country with possible illnesses
describe psychological vulnerability
Relates to the emotional effects of anxiety or stress which may cause actual or potential harm to the individuals identify or self esteem
Ex. getting told a nurse will be performing a head to toe assessment
define etic
etic (external) perceptions of harm (ex. impending anesthetic surgical procedure and technical theatre environment)
define emic
emic (internal) perceptions of harm
describe physical vulnerability
Caused by individuals inability to resist further harm as their existing condition have been compromised by disease or trauma
Ex. Injury on right leg and someone opening it up after several days where it starts bleeding a lot
differentiate between actual and potential vulnerability
actual: the known circumstances rendering an individual susceptible
potential: circumstances which may or may not causes vulnerability
what are the 5 antecedents for vulnerability to occur?
- surgical intervention
- admittance to hospital for Sx
- undergo general anesthesia (GA) or regional anesthesia (RA)
- preparation for Sx
- exposure to a stressor causing an anxietal response