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N233 > Lab Values- MIDTERM > Flashcards

Lab Values- MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

normal range for WBC’s

A

4-10.5 x10^9/L

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2
Q

normal range for RBC’s

A

3.80-5.20 x10^12/L

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3
Q

Hgb range

A

120-150g/L

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4
Q

normal range for hematocrit

A

0.35-0.48L/L

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5
Q

platelet range

A

150-400 x10^1/L

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6
Q

range for neutrophils

A

2.00-6.00 x10^9/L

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7
Q

range for lymphocytes

A

1.00-4.00 x10^9/L

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8
Q

range for monocytes

A

0.10-0.80 x10/9/L

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9
Q

range for eosinophils

A

0.0-0.45 x10^9/L

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10
Q

range for basophils

A

0.0-0.10 x10^9/L

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11
Q

range for sodium (Na)

A

135-145mmol/L

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12
Q

range for potassium (K)

A

3.5-5.0mmol/L

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13
Q

range for glucose

A

3.9-11.0mmol/L

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14
Q

range for creatinine

A

50-90umol/L

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15
Q

range for GFR

A

> 60 ml/min

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16
Q

PTT range

A

23-32 seconds

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17
Q

range for PT-INR

A

0.9-1.1 seconds

18
Q 
what antiemetic would be contraindicated for a bowel obstruction?
A. Metoclopramide
B. Dimenhydrinate 
C. Bulk forming agents
D. Ondansatron
A

A

because it stimulates peristalsis

19
Q

list common side effects of steroids

A
  • Increased risk of infection
  • Decreased inflammatory response
  • Decreased wound healing
  • Weight gain
  • Osteoporosis
  • Increased risk of ulcers
  • Electrolyte disorders
20
Q

what is the triple therapy in PUD

A

antibiotics with a PPI or H2 receptor antagonist

21
Q

what are complications of PUD?

A
  • perforation
  • pyloric obstruction
  • hemorrhage
22
Q

Which medication would you not use to treat a dyspneic episode?

a) albuterol
b) oxygen
c) metoprolol
d) Lorazepam

A

C. METOPROLOL because its a beta blocker and wouldn’t help dyspnea

23
Q

which of the following is true regarding Ondansetron? select all that apply
A. Is a muscarinic antagonist
B. It is primarily used for motion sickness
C. It prevents nausea and vomiting
D. A side effect is a prolonged QT interval
E. It prevents diarrhea

24
Q

which is NOT an initial sign of bronchiolitis

a. coughing
b. wheezing
c. tachypnea >70 BPM
d. intermittent fever

A

C, tachypnea over 70 breaths per min (this is a severe sign, not an early sign)**

25
Q

what are two ways to minimize side effects of steroids when given to individuals with IBD

A
  • use for short period of time
  • alternating day dosing
  • give locally instead of systemically
  • start with larger doses and then smaller
26
Q

choose the correct causes of PUD. select all that apply

a. H pylori
b. NSAIDS
c. type A or B blood
d. alcohol

27
Q

what are two common SE of omeprazole

A
  • increased risk of fractures
  • C diff
  • rebound acid hyper secretions
  • pneumonia
28
Q

urea breath test is used to treat what condition?

29
Q

What type of drug would you give to someone experiencing motion sickness?

A

Anticholinergic

30
Q

Which condition would you use a barium enema to diagnose?

A

Ulcerative colitis

31
Q

Elderly patient administered H2 receptor antagonist, what are common SE?

A

Confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, headache

32
Q

What are non pharmacological interventions to help with N/V?

A 
Cold cloths
Positioning on side
Peppermint
Flat ginger ale
BRAT diet
Reducing smells
TENS
33
Q 
What’s the best indicator of dehydration in pediatric patients?
A. Sunken fontanelles
B. Weight
C. Bulging eyes
D. Jaundice
34
Q

What class of drug is Diphenoxylate and what is it used for?

a. Opioid, reduce gastric juice production
b. Anticholinergic, slows peristalsis
c. Opioid, slows peristalsis
d. Anticholinergic, reduces gastric juice production

35
Q

What is the advantage of a PPI over a H2 Antagonist when treating PUD?

a. Cheaper; More readily available
b. Stronger Effect; Faster Onset
c. Longer duration; Faster peak
d. Because I said so

A

B, stronger effect and faster onset

36
Q

What is a cause of osmotic diarrhea?

a. Chemotherapy
b. Pancreatic dysfunction
c. Pancreatitis
d. c diff

37
Q

How can you reduce the risks associated with steroids?

A
  • Short periods of time
  • Decrease dose over time
  • Give w food
  • Alt day doses
  • Give locally instead of systemic
38
Q

Which of the following is NOT a complication associated with Crohn’s

a) fistula
b) amenorrhea
c) retinitis
d) abscess formation

39
Q

What vomiting centre pathway would be triggered by vertigo?

A

Vestibular and labyrinth (inner ear)

40
Q

Why are corticosteroids used as an adjunct med for N&V?

A

For the initial acute inflammatory response; prophylactic for infection

41
Q

Select all that apply Complications of Nausea & vomiting

1) Aspiration pneumonia
2) Metabolic disturbances
3) Increased ICP
4) Dehiscence of surgical wound.

42
Q

What age group should avoid scopolamine & why?

A

Older adults. Sedative effects & risk for delirium. Balance affects.

N233 (4 decks)

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