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Microbiology 213 > Quiz 1: The Main Themes of Microbiology > Flashcards

Quiz 1: The Main Themes of Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Microbiology

A

the study of organisms too small to be seen without magnification

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2
Q

What are the different branches of Microbiology?

A

Immunology, Public Health Microbiology and Epidemiology, Biotechnology, and Genetic Engineering and Recombinant DNA Technology

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3
Q

Prokaryotes

A

No nucleus; simple cells; microscopic; unicellular; lack membrane-bound organelles

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4
Q

Eukaryotes

A

has nucleus & membrane bound organelles; complex cells; unicellular & multicellular;

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5
Q

Viruses

A

acellular; parasitic particles composed of nucleic acid and protein

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6
Q

What are the 6 types of microbes?

A

Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, Virus, Protozoa, Helminths and Prions

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7
Q

Electron Microscope

A

uses electron as its source of light; used to detect a virus

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8
Q

Light Microscope

A

uses light as a source

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9
Q

Nanometer

A

used to measure a virus

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10
Q

Micrometer

A

used to measure a bacteria

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11
Q

Nutrient Flow

A

the flow of energy and food through the earths ecosystem

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12
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Convert sun energy to chemical energy; Light fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material

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13
Q

Decomposition

A

Breakdown of complex energy to be released as free energy; Breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds

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14
Q

Biotechnology

A

production of foods, drugs, and vaccines using living organisms

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15
Q

Genetic Engineering

A

Manipulating the genes of organisms to make new products

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16
Q

Bioremeditaion

A

using living organisms to remedy an environmental problem

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17
Q

Bacillus Thuringiensis

A

Infections are fatal to many insects but harmless to other animals including humans and to plants

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18
Q

How can Bacillus Thuringiensis be used to control pest?

A

the diamond shaped crystals are toxic to the pests when digested

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19
Q

________ live on or in the body of another organism called the _______ and it damages the host

A

parasites ; host

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20
Q

normal microbiota

A

microbes normally present in and on the human body

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21
Q

pathogens

A

microbes that do harm

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22
Q

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

A

first to observe microbes; single-lens magnified up to 300X; dutch linen merchant

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23
Q

Robert Hook

A

was the first to observe cells

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24
Q

Spontaneous Generation

A

forms of life could arise from vital forces present in nonliving or decomposing matter

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25
Q

Theory of Biogenesis

A

living things can only arise from other living things

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26
Q

Golden Age of Microbiology

A

1857-1914

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27
Q

Fermentation (Pasteur)

A

is the conversion of sugar to alcohol to make beer and wine; Invention of the cork

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28
Q

Pasteurization (Pasteur)

A

is the application of a high heat for a short time

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29
Q

Joseph Lister

A

founder of antiseptic medicine

30
Q

Robert Koch

A

proved that a bacterium causes anthrax; Koch postulates; identified cholera

31
Q

Cholera

A

able to tag a microbe by its symptom

32
Q

Edward Jenner

A

invented vaccination for small pox

33
Q

Immunity

A

protection from viruses

34
Q

Chemotherapy

A

treatment with chemicals

35
Q

synthetic drugs

A

chemotherapeutic agents used to treat infectious disease

36
Q

antibiotics

A

Chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill other microbes

37
Q

Paul Ehrlich

A

developed a synthetic arsenic drug to treat syphilis ; and magic bullet

38
Q

magic bullet

A

that could destroy a pathogen without harming the host FAIL

39
Q

Alexander Fleming

A

discovered the first antibiotic penicillin by accident

40
Q

Bacteriology

A

study of bacteria

41
Q

Mycology

A

the study of fungi

42
Q

Virology

A

study of viruses

43
Q

Parasitology

A

study of protozoa and parasitic worm

44
Q

George Beadle and Edward Tatum

A

genes encode a cells enzyme

45
Q

Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty

A

DNA was hereditary material

46
Q

Francois Jacob and Jacque Monod

A

the role of mRNA in protein synthesis

47
Q

Bruce Beutler & Jules Hoffmann

A

won Nobel peace prize in 2011 for innate immunity

48
Q

Ralph Steinman

A

won Nobel peace price in 2011 for dendritic cells role in adaptive immunity

49
Q

Von Behring

A

Diphtheria antitoxin

50
Q

Ross

A

Malaria transmission

51
Q

Koch

A

TB bacterium

52
Q

Fleming, Chain, Florey

A

Penicillin

53
Q

Waksman

A

Streptomycin

54
Q

Prusiner

55
Q

Marshall & Warren

A

H. Pylori & Ulcers

56
Q

Rebecca Lancefield

A

immunology to identify some bacteria according to serotypes

57
Q

John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn

A

Presence of heat resistant forms

58
Q

Endospores

A

Cohn determined these forms

59
Q

Rudolf Virchow

A

said cells arise from preexisting cells

60
Q

Taxonomy

A

organizing, classifying and naming living things

61
Q

Classification

A

orderly arrangement of organisms into groups

62
Q

Nomenclature

A

assigning names

63
Q

Identification

A

determining and recording traits of organisms for placement into taxonomic schemes

64
Q

levels of classification

A
  • Domain: Archaea, Bacteria, & Eukarya
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum or Division
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
65
Q

Assigning Specific Names

A
  • Binomials
  • Genus: Capitalized
  • Species: lowercase
  • both italicized
66
Q

Phylogeny

A

natural relatedness between groups of organisms

67
Q

Evolution

A

all new species originate from preexisting species

68
Q

three domains of life

A
  • Bacteria: true bacteria
  • Archaea: odd bacteria that live in high salt & heat
  • Eukarya: have nucleus and organelles
69
Q

Domain Bacteria:

A
  • gram negative
  • gram positive
  • endospore
  • chlamydias
  • cyanobacteria
70
Q

Domain Archaea

A
  • Methane

- saltlving and heat loving bacteria

Microbiology 213 (3 decks)

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