Quiz 1: The Main Themes of Microbiology Flashcards
Microbiology
the study of organisms too small to be seen without magnification
What are the different branches of Microbiology?
Immunology, Public Health Microbiology and Epidemiology, Biotechnology, and Genetic Engineering and Recombinant DNA Technology
Prokaryotes
No nucleus; simple cells; microscopic; unicellular; lack membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotes
has nucleus & membrane bound organelles; complex cells; unicellular & multicellular;
Viruses
acellular; parasitic particles composed of nucleic acid and protein
What are the 6 types of microbes?
Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, Virus, Protozoa, Helminths and Prions
Electron Microscope
uses electron as its source of light; used to detect a virus
Light Microscope
uses light as a source
Nanometer
used to measure a virus
Micrometer
used to measure a bacteria
Nutrient Flow
the flow of energy and food through the earths ecosystem
Photosynthesis
Convert sun energy to chemical energy; Light fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material
Decomposition
Breakdown of complex energy to be released as free energy; Breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds
Biotechnology
production of foods, drugs, and vaccines using living organisms
Genetic Engineering
Manipulating the genes of organisms to make new products
Bioremeditaion
using living organisms to remedy an environmental problem
Bacillus Thuringiensis
Infections are fatal to many insects but harmless to other animals including humans and to plants
How can Bacillus Thuringiensis be used to control pest?
the diamond shaped crystals are toxic to the pests when digested
________ live on or in the body of another organism called the _______ and it damages the host
parasites ; host
normal microbiota
microbes normally present in and on the human body
pathogens
microbes that do harm
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
first to observe microbes; single-lens magnified up to 300X; dutch linen merchant
Robert Hook
was the first to observe cells
Spontaneous Generation
forms of life could arise from vital forces present in nonliving or decomposing matter
Theory of Biogenesis
living things can only arise from other living things
Golden Age of Microbiology
1857-1914
Fermentation (Pasteur)
is the conversion of sugar to alcohol to make beer and wine; Invention of the cork
Pasteurization (Pasteur)
is the application of a high heat for a short time