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Microbiology 213 > Quiz 1: The Main Themes of Microbiology > Flashcards

Quiz 1: The Main Themes of Microbiology Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Microbiology

A

the study of organisms too small to be seen without magnification

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2
Q

What are the different branches of Microbiology?

A

Immunology, Public Health Microbiology and Epidemiology, Biotechnology, and Genetic Engineering and Recombinant DNA Technology

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3
Q

Prokaryotes

A

No nucleus; simple cells; microscopic; unicellular; lack membrane-bound organelles

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4
Q

Eukaryotes

A

has nucleus & membrane bound organelles; complex cells; unicellular & multicellular;

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5
Q

Viruses

A

acellular; parasitic particles composed of nucleic acid and protein

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6
Q

What are the 6 types of microbes?

A

Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, Virus, Protozoa, Helminths and Prions

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7
Q

Electron Microscope

A

uses electron as its source of light; used to detect a virus

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8
Q

Light Microscope

A

uses light as a source

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9
Q

Nanometer

A

used to measure a virus

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10
Q

Micrometer

A

used to measure a bacteria

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11
Q

Nutrient Flow

A

the flow of energy and food through the earths ecosystem

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12
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Convert sun energy to chemical energy; Light fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material

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13
Q

Decomposition

A

Breakdown of complex energy to be released as free energy; Breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds

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14
Q

Biotechnology

A

production of foods, drugs, and vaccines using living organisms

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15
Q

Genetic Engineering

A

Manipulating the genes of organisms to make new products

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16
Q

Bioremeditaion

A

using living organisms to remedy an environmental problem

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17
Q

Bacillus Thuringiensis

A

Infections are fatal to many insects but harmless to other animals including humans and to plants

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18
Q

How can Bacillus Thuringiensis be used to control pest?

A

the diamond shaped crystals are toxic to the pests when digested

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19
Q

________ live on or in the body of another organism called the _______ and it damages the host

A

parasites ; host

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20
Q

normal microbiota

A

microbes normally present in and on the human body

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21
Q

pathogens

A

microbes that do harm

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22
Q

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

A

first to observe microbes; single-lens magnified up to 300X; dutch linen merchant

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23
Q

Robert Hook

A

was the first to observe cells

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24
Q

Spontaneous Generation

A

forms of life could arise from vital forces present in nonliving or decomposing matter

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25
Theory of Biogenesis
living things can only arise from other living things
26
Golden Age of Microbiology
1857-1914
27
Fermentation (Pasteur)
is the conversion of sugar to alcohol to make beer and wine; Invention of the cork
28
Pasteurization (Pasteur)
is the application of a high heat for a short time
29
Joseph Lister
founder of antiseptic medicine
30
Robert Koch
proved that a bacterium causes anthrax; Koch postulates; identified cholera
31
Cholera
able to tag a microbe by its symptom
32
Edward Jenner
invented vaccination for small pox
33
Immunity
protection from viruses
34
Chemotherapy
treatment with chemicals
35
synthetic drugs
chemotherapeutic agents used to treat infectious disease
36
antibiotics
Chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill other microbes
37
Paul Ehrlich
developed a synthetic arsenic drug to treat syphilis ; and magic bullet
38
magic bullet
that could destroy a pathogen without harming the host FAIL
39
Alexander Fleming
discovered the first antibiotic penicillin by accident
40
Bacteriology
study of bacteria
41
Mycology
the study of fungi
42
Virology
study of viruses
43
Parasitology
study of protozoa and parasitic worm
44
George Beadle and Edward Tatum
genes encode a cells enzyme
45
Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty
DNA was hereditary material
46
Francois Jacob and Jacque Monod
the role of mRNA in protein synthesis
47
Bruce Beutler & Jules Hoffmann
won Nobel peace prize in 2011 for innate immunity
48
Ralph Steinman
won Nobel peace price in 2011 for dendritic cells role in adaptive immunity
49
Von Behring
Diphtheria antitoxin
50
Ross
Malaria transmission
51
Koch
TB bacterium
52
Fleming, Chain, Florey
Penicillin
53
Waksman
Streptomycin
54
Prusiner
prions
55
Marshall & Warren
H. Pylori & Ulcers
56
Rebecca Lancefield
immunology to identify some bacteria according to serotypes
57
John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn
Presence of heat resistant forms
58
Endospores
Cohn determined these forms
59
Rudolf Virchow
said cells arise from preexisting cells
60
Taxonomy
organizing, classifying and naming living things
61
Classification
orderly arrangement of organisms into groups
62
Nomenclature
assigning names
63
Identification
determining and recording traits of organisms for placement into taxonomic schemes
64
levels of classification
- Domain: Archaea, Bacteria, & Eukarya - Kingdom - Phylum or Division - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species
65
Assigning Specific Names
- Binomials - Genus: Capitalized - Species: lowercase - both italicized
66
Phylogeny
natural relatedness between groups of organisms
67
Evolution
all new species originate from preexisting species
68
three domains of life
- Bacteria: true bacteria - Archaea: odd bacteria that live in high salt & heat - Eukarya: have nucleus and organelles
69
Domain Bacteria:
- gram negative - gram positive - endospore - chlamydias - cyanobacteria
70
Domain Archaea
- Methane | - saltlving and heat loving bacteria

Microbiology 213 (3 decks)

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