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Pathology IV > Quiz 1 Review > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What does psoriasis look like microscopically?

A 
Marked hyperkeratosis with parakeratosis
loss of granular layer
epidermal acanthosis
elongation of rete ridges and pegs
vascular dilation
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2
Q

What is lichen simplex chronicus?

What does it look like microscopically?

A

chronic pruritus, constant itching
thickened epidermis, leukocyte infiltration of derms
elongated, thickened rete ridges, acanthosis, hyperkeratosis

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3
Q

What is the microscopic appearance of lichen planus?

A

SAW TOOTH rete pegs
basal cell layer degeneration
thickened granular cell layer
inflammatory cell infiltration into epithelial CT layer

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4
Q

What is lichen sclerosus?
What are lichen sclerosus pts at risk for?
What are some histological features?

A

thickening of skin in vulvar/ perianal areas that looks pale/white in color
pt at risk for vulvar cancer (5%)
Histology: atrophy, no rete pegs, edematous degeneration, dermis replaced by fibrous tissue

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5
Q

Which STD might show multi-nucleated giant cells on histology?

A

HSV

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6
Q

Condyloma acuminata are warts caused by what kind of infection? (be specific)
what do condyloma acuminata look like microscopically?

A

HPV strains 6, 11

acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, cytoplasmic vacuolation

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7
Q

What HPV strains account for 70+% of cervical cancer cases?

A

HPV strains 16, 18

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8
Q

Condyloma latum are warts caused by what infection?

A

syphilis (Treponema pallidum) (spirochete, gram neg)

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9
Q

Clue cells are indicative of what?

A

Bacterial vaginosis

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10
Q

Intracellular gram-negative diplococci on a vaginal smear indicate what kind of infection?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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11
Q

What are the 4 high-risk strains of HPV?

A

16, 18, 31, 45

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12
Q

Approximate 85% of vulvar cancers are what type?

A

85% squamous cell carcinoma

15% basal cell, melanoma, adenocarcinoma

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13
Q

vulvar that is well differentiated in generally HPV positive/negative

A

negative

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14
Q

What are the most commonly involved lymph nodes for vulvar carcinoma?
What are the most common sites of metastasis?

A

inguinal, pelvic, iliac, periaortic

metastasis MC to lungs, liver

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15
Q

Vaginal Adenocarcinomas are rare, but are linked to___.

A

DES daughters, DES use

Diethylstilbestrol

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16
Q

Clear cells on a smear of vaginal carcinoma most likely indicates:

A

adenocarcinoma, related to DES use

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17
Q

What is the 5th MC deadly cancer in women worldwide and the 8th MC cancer in women in the US?

A

cervical cancer

18
Q

What kinds of things can increase risk of cervical cancer?

A

early age first intercourse, multiple sex partners, high risk HPV infx, oral contraceptive use, tobacco, Hx of genital infx, multiple births

19
Q

What is koilocytosis? What does it mean?

A

cellular changes in which nuclei are enlarged and have a halo-like appearance
indicates ASC-US

20
Q

Vaginal infection characterized by no odor, low pH, cottage cheese appearance

A

candida

21
Q

Vaginal infection characterized by fishy odor and high pH

A

BV, trichomonas

22
Q

What is a chocolate cyst?

A

ovarian cyst formed from ectopic endometrial tissue.

23
Q

MC cause of endometritis?

A

childbirth related: placental fragments, iatrogenic infx

otherwise: PID

24
Q

MC gyn cancer in the US

A

endometrial cancer (adenocarcinoma)

25
Q

Ultrasound finding in PCOS

A

“string of pearls” sign

26
Q

MC birth defect of male genitalia

A

crytporchism

absence of one or both testes from the scrotum (90% can usually be palpated in the inguinal canal)

27
Q

2nd MC male birth defect

A

hypospadias
urethral meatus places on the ventral line
(epispadias, with urethral meatus in the dorsal line is rare)

28
Q

Condition where foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans:

Condition where foreskin is trapped behind the glans:

A

cannot be retracted: phimosis
trapped behind: paraphimosis
both are a risk factor for penile cancer

29
Q

varicoceles MC are on the left/right

A

MC on the left

30
Q

How might one differentiate a tumor from a hydrocele?

A

transillumination

31
Q

MC cause of testicular torsion

A

congenital malformation “bell-clapper” deformity

  • will have absence of cremaster reflex*
  • necrosis will occur in 5-6 hrs from onset–> ER*
32
Q

T/F: Reactive arthritis is positive for RF

A

False- seronegative, positive for HLA-B27

33
Q

Keratoderma blennorrhagica is associated with:

A

Reactive arthritis- foot rash

34
Q

95% of penile cancers are what type?

A

SCC

35
Q

MC solid tumor affecting males 20-35 yo

A

primary testicular cancer

36
Q

Testicular can classifications/prevalence

A

Mixed: 40%
Seminoma: 35%
Embryonal: 20%
Teratoma: 5%

37
Q

Blood tests for seminoma might reveal:

Microscopy of a seminoma might reveal:

A 
elevated placental alk phos
hCG elevated
sheet-like, lobular patterns of cells
fibrous stromal network
abundant cytoplasm and glycogen
38
Q

Blood tests for embryonal Ca reveal:

Microscopy of embryonal Ca reveals:

A

increased hCG, increased alpha-fetoprotein
sheets of cells, primitive tubules
pleomorphic nuclei, primitive epithelial cells

39
Q

Gross appearance of BPH:

Histopathology of BPH:

A

Gross: enlarged, multiple nodules of varying size, solid or cystic nodes, urethral obstruction
Histopathology: gladular>stromal tissue, glands well differentiated, corpora amylacea (pink concretions)

40
Q

Histopathology of prostatitis

A

numerous dark blue lymphocytes in stoma btw glands

41
Q

95% of prostate Ca is what type?

Is BPH a malignant lesion?

A

adenocarcinoma

NO

Pathology IV (4 decks)

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