Quiz 1 Review

Question 1

What does psoriasis look like microscopically?

Answer 1

Marked hyperkeratosis with parakeratosis
loss of granular layer
epidermal acanthosis
elongation of rete ridges and pegs
vascular dilation

Question 2

What is lichen simplex chronicus?

What does it look like microscopically?

Answer 2

chronic pruritus, constant itching
thickened epidermis, leukocyte infiltration of derms
elongated, thickened rete ridges, acanthosis, hyperkeratosis

Question 3

What is the microscopic appearance of lichen planus?

Answer 3

SAW TOOTH rete pegs
basal cell layer degeneration
thickened granular cell layer
inflammatory cell infiltration into epithelial CT layer

Question 4

What is lichen sclerosus?
What are lichen sclerosus pts at risk for?
What are some histological features?

Answer 4

thickening of skin in vulvar/ perianal areas that looks pale/white in color
pt at risk for vulvar cancer (5%)
Histology: atrophy, no rete pegs, edematous degeneration, dermis replaced by fibrous tissue

Question 5

Which STD might show multi-nucleated giant cells on histology?

Answer 5

HSV

Question 6

Condyloma acuminata are warts caused by what kind of infection? (be specific)
what do condyloma acuminata look like microscopically?

Answer 6

HPV strains 6, 11

acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, cytoplasmic vacuolation

Question 7

What HPV strains account for 70+% of cervical cancer cases?

Answer 7

HPV strains 16, 18

Question 8

Condyloma latum are warts caused by what infection?

Answer 8

syphilis (Treponema pallidum) (spirochete, gram neg)

Question 9

Clue cells are indicative of what?

Answer 9

Bacterial vaginosis

Question 10

Intracellular gram-negative diplococci on a vaginal smear indicate what kind of infection?

Answer 10

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 11

What are the 4 high-risk strains of HPV?

Answer 11

16, 18, 31, 45

Question 12

Approximate 85% of vulvar cancers are what type?

Answer 12

85% squamous cell carcinoma

15% basal cell, melanoma, adenocarcinoma

Question 13

vulvar that is well differentiated in generally HPV positive/negative

Answer 13

negative

Question 14

What are the most commonly involved lymph nodes for vulvar carcinoma?
What are the most common sites of metastasis?

Answer 14

inguinal, pelvic, iliac, periaortic

metastasis MC to lungs, liver

Question 15

Vaginal Adenocarcinomas are rare, but are linked to___.

Answer 15

DES daughters, DES use

Diethylstilbestrol

Question 16

Clear cells on a smear of vaginal carcinoma most likely indicates:

Answer 16

adenocarcinoma, related to DES use

Question 17

What is the 5th MC deadly cancer in women worldwide and the 8th MC cancer in women in the US?

Answer 17

cervical cancer

Question 18

What kinds of things can increase risk of cervical cancer?

Answer 18

early age first intercourse, multiple sex partners, high risk HPV infx, oral contraceptive use, tobacco, Hx of genital infx, multiple births

Question 19

What is koilocytosis? What does it mean?

Answer 19

cellular changes in which nuclei are enlarged and have a halo-like appearance
indicates ASC-US

Question 20

Vaginal infection characterized by no odor, low pH, cottage cheese appearance

Answer 20

candida

Question 21

Vaginal infection characterized by fishy odor and high pH

Answer 21

BV, trichomonas

Question 22

What is a chocolate cyst?

Answer 22

ovarian cyst formed from ectopic endometrial tissue.

Question 23

MC cause of endometritis?

Answer 23

childbirth related: placental fragments, iatrogenic infx

otherwise: PID

Question 24

MC gyn cancer in the US

Answer 24

endometrial cancer (adenocarcinoma)

Question 25

Ultrasound finding in PCOS

Answer 25

"string of pearls" sign

Question 26

MC birth defect of male genitalia

Answer 26

crytporchism | absence of one or both testes from the scrotum (90% can usually be palpated in the inguinal canal)

Question 27

2nd MC male birth defect

Answer 27

hypospadias urethral meatus places on the ventral line (epispadias, with urethral meatus in the dorsal line is rare)

Question 28

Condition where foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans: | Condition where foreskin is trapped behind the glans:

Answer 28

cannot be retracted: phimosis trapped behind: paraphimosis *both are a risk factor for penile cancer*

Question 29

varicoceles MC are on the left/right

Answer 29

MC on the left

Question 30

How might one differentiate a tumor from a hydrocele?

Answer 30

transillumination

Question 31

MC cause of testicular torsion

Answer 31

congenital malformation "bell-clapper" deformity * will have absence of cremaster reflex* * necrosis will occur in 5-6 hrs from onset--> ER*

Question 32

T/F: Reactive arthritis is positive for RF

Answer 32

False- seronegative, positive for HLA-B27

Question 33

Keratoderma blennorrhagica is associated with:

Answer 33

Reactive arthritis- foot rash

Question 34

95% of penile cancers are what type?

Answer 34

SCC

Question 35

MC solid tumor affecting males 20-35 yo

Answer 35

primary testicular cancer

Question 36

Testicular can classifications/prevalence

Answer 36

Mixed: 40% Seminoma: 35% Embryonal: 20% Teratoma: 5%

Question 37

Blood tests for seminoma might reveal: | Microscopy of a seminoma might reveal:

Answer 37

``` elevated placental alk phos hCG elevated sheet-like, lobular patterns of cells fibrous stromal network abundant cytoplasm and glycogen ```

Question 38

Blood tests for embryonal Ca reveal: | Microscopy of embryonal Ca reveals:

Answer 38

increased hCG, increased alpha-fetoprotein sheets of cells, primitive tubules pleomorphic nuclei, primitive epithelial cells

Question 39

Gross appearance of BPH: | Histopathology of BPH:

Answer 39

Gross: enlarged, multiple nodules of varying size, solid or cystic nodes, urethral obstruction Histopathology: gladular>stromal tissue, glands well differentiated, corpora amylacea (pink concretions)

Question 40

Histopathology of prostatitis

Answer 40

numerous dark blue lymphocytes in stoma btw glands

Question 41

95% of prostate Ca is what type? | Is BPH a malignant lesion?

Answer 41

adenocarcinoma | NO