Quiz 1 Review Flashcards
Where in the body is the most fluid?
Inside the cells
Is there more chloride in the plasma or inside of the cells?
In the plasma
Where is there more sodium, inside or outside of the cells?
outside of the cell in the interstitial space
Where is the vast majority of potassium?
Intracellularly
Where are the vast majority of phosphates?
Intracellularly
What part of the cell is an electrically active cell is more positively charged?
Outside
What is the normal osmolarity of 1 L of plasma?
290
How much of the osmolarity of 1 L of plasma is contributed by Na+?
270
What is the molecular building block that contains a sugar linked to a nitrogen containing base?
nucleoside
What is an inorganic phosphate group with a sugar and a nitrogen containing base called?
nucleotide
What are many nucleotides linked together forming a helical structure called?
nucleic acid
What is the portion of the gene that actually codes for the protein called?
exon
What is the portion of RNA that is removed after transcription and wont be involved in translation can be removed by “self-splicing” or by units of small RNA + proteins called what?
spliceosomes
What is the largest lipoprotein?
chylomicrons
What is the second largest lipoprotein?
VLDL
What is the third largest lipoprotein?
IDL
What is the fourth largest lipoprotein?
LDL
What is the smallest lipoprotein?
HDL
What drug class inhibits the formation of all eicosanoids?
Glucocorticoids
What is one of the functions of the mitochondria?
regulates apoptosis and also produces ATP
What organelle has a more acidic interior than the cytoplasm?
lysosomes
What is an organelle that is formed from the endoplasmic reticulum containing oxidases?
peroxisomes
What organelle is the microtubule organizing center of the cell?
centrosomes
What is the name of a motor protein that tends to move towards the positively charged end of the microtubules?
kinesin
What is the site of ribosome production?
nucleolous
Where are most the chromosomes found?
nucleus
What organelle has transport vesicles containing newly formed proteins that bud off of?
Golgi apparatus
How many sodiums are pumped out of the sodium potassium ATPase pump?
3 sodium ions
How many potassium are pumped into the sodium potassium ATPase pump?
2 potassium ions
What form of transport is the sodium potassium ATPase pump?
Primary active transport
Where is intracellular calcium primarily housed?
Inside of the endoplasmic retiticulum
What is the protein pump called that takes up calcium back into the ER after it is released from the ER?
SERCA
What is responsible for the activation of B cells and T cells?
Helper T cells
What type of cell is a macrophage?
antigen presenting cell (APC)
What is a Beta cell that is actively releasing immunoglobulins?
plasma cell
What is another name for a cytotoxic t cell
CD8
What are important receptors that allows the immune system to recognize pathogens?
Pattern recognition receptors
Where are lymphocytes found?
Lymph nodes
What is the complement system?
A series of proteins that when activated can cause cell lysis
