Chapter 2: Overview of Cellular Physiology

Question 1

What is the plasma membrane?

Answer 1

membrane that surrounds the cells and is made up of lipids, proteins, and is semipermeable

Question 2

What is amphipathic?

Answer 2

Hydrophobic tail and hydrophillic head

Question 3

What do cellular adhesion molecules do?

Answer 3

anchor cells to their neighbors or to basal laminas

Question 4

What can function as a pump?

Answer 4

proteins; transporting ions across the membrane

Question 5

What can function as a catalyst?

Answer 5

protein

Question 6

What are the basal lamina?

Answer 6

Made up of proteins tat holds the cell together, regulate their development, and determine their growth

Question 7

What is the function of the mitochondira?

Answer 7

It provides the eukaryotic cells with the ability to form the energy-rich ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. They also have a role in apoptosis (cell death)

Question 8

What are lysosomes?

Answer 8

a organelle that contains digestive enzymes

Question 9

What is a peroxisome?

Answer 9

Contain enzymes that can either produce oxidases or break it down. They form by budding of the ER or by division

Question 10

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 10

All cells have it. System of fibers that maintain cell structure and permit shape change and movement

Question 11

What is the cytoskeleton made up of?

Answer 11

microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

Question 12

What are molecular motors?

Answer 12

They move proteins, organelles, and other cell parts to all part of the cell. They are kinesin, dynein, myosin

Question 13

What is a centrosome?

Answer 13

Involved in the process of cellular division

Question 14

What are cillia?

Answer 14

Specialized cellular projections that are used by unicellular organisms to propel themselves through liquid and by multicellular organisms to propel mucus and other substances

Question 15

What are cell adhesion molecules?

Answer 15

Attached to the basal lamina that are important in embryonic development and formation of the nervous system. They fasten cells to their neighbors and transmit signals into the cell.

Question 16

Intracellular Connections

Answer 16

Split into two groups: junctions that fasten the cells to one another and to surrounding tissues and junctions that permit transfer of ions and other molecules from one cell to another

Question 17

What do tight junctions do?

Answer 17

Permit the the passage of ions, solute, and intracellular signaling molecules in between adjacent cells

Question 18

What are gap junctions?

Answer 18

Channels between cells that allow exchange of substances of the cytoplasm of one cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell

Question 19

What is the nucleus?

Answer 19

Made up of chromosomes and contains a nucleolus

Question 20

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 20

A complex series of tubules in the cytoplasm of the cell. The rough ER has ribosomes attached to it and the smooth does not

Question 21

What does the rough ER do?

Answer 21

protein synthesis and initial folding of peptide chains

Question 22

What does the smooth ER do?

Answer 22

site of steroid synthesis and site of detoxification processes in other cells

Question 23

What do the ribosomes do?

Answer 23

Sites of protein synthesis

Question 24

What does the golgi apparatus do?

Answer 24

A collection of membrane enclosed sacs. Directed at proper glycoslyation of proteins and lipids