Chapter 2: Overview of Cellular Physiology Flashcards
What is the plasma membrane?
membrane that surrounds the cells and is made up of lipids, proteins, and is semipermeable
What is amphipathic?
Hydrophobic tail and hydrophillic head
What do cellular adhesion molecules do?
anchor cells to their neighbors or to basal laminas
What can function as a pump?
proteins; transporting ions across the membrane
What can function as a catalyst?
protein
What are the basal lamina?
Made up of proteins tat holds the cell together, regulate their development, and determine their growth
What is the function of the mitochondira?
It provides the eukaryotic cells with the ability to form the energy-rich ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. They also have a role in apoptosis (cell death)
What are lysosomes?
a organelle that contains digestive enzymes
What is a peroxisome?
Contain enzymes that can either produce oxidases or break it down. They form by budding of the ER or by division
What is the cytoskeleton?
All cells have it. System of fibers that maintain cell structure and permit shape change and movement
What is the cytoskeleton made up of?
microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments
What are molecular motors?
They move proteins, organelles, and other cell parts to all part of the cell. They are kinesin, dynein, myosin
What is a centrosome?
Involved in the process of cellular division
What are cillia?
Specialized cellular projections that are used by unicellular organisms to propel themselves through liquid and by multicellular organisms to propel mucus and other substances
What are cell adhesion molecules?
Attached to the basal lamina that are important in embryonic development and formation of the nervous system. They fasten cells to their neighbors and transmit signals into the cell.
Intracellular Connections
Split into two groups: junctions that fasten the cells to one another and to surrounding tissues and junctions that permit transfer of ions and other molecules from one cell to another
What do tight junctions do?
Permit the the passage of ions, solute, and intracellular signaling molecules in between adjacent cells
What are gap junctions?
Channels between cells that allow exchange of substances of the cytoplasm of one cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell
What is the nucleus?
Made up of chromosomes and contains a nucleolus
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
A complex series of tubules in the cytoplasm of the cell. The rough ER has ribosomes attached to it and the smooth does not
What does the rough ER do?
protein synthesis and initial folding of peptide chains
What does the smooth ER do?
site of steroid synthesis and site of detoxification processes in other cells
What do the ribosomes do?
Sites of protein synthesis
What does the golgi apparatus do?
A collection of membrane enclosed sacs. Directed at proper glycoslyation of proteins and lipids
